As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 26, 2007
Registration No. 333-139272
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
AMENDMENT NO. 2 TO
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
TravelCenters of America LLC
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
5531 (Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) |
20-5701514 (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
400 Centre Street
Newton, MA 02458
(617) 964-8389
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including
area code, of registrant's principal executive offices)
John G. Murray, President c/o Hospitality Properties Trust 400 Centre Street Newton, Massachusetts 02458 (617) 964-8389 (Name, address, including zip code, telephone number, including area code, of agent for service) |
Copy to: William J. Curry, Esq. Edwin L. Miller, Jr., Esq. Sullivan & Worcester LLP One Post Office Square Boston, Massachusetts 02109 (617) 338-2800 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed distribution to the public: On or about January 31, 2007.
If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. o
If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
PROSPECTUS
Distribution by Hospitality Properties Trust
to its Shareholders of
All Outstanding Common Shares of
TravelCenters of America LLC
We are furnishing this prospectus to the shareholders of Hospitality Properties Trust, or Hospitality Trust, a Maryland real estate investment trust. We are currently a wholly owned subsidiary of Hospitality Trust. Hospitality Trust will distribute all of our outstanding common shares as a special distribution to its shareholders. This distribution is contingent upon the closing of Hospitality Trust's acquisition of TravelCenters of America, Inc.
Shareholders of Hospitality Trust will receive one of our shares for every ten Hospitality Trust common shares owned at the close of business on January 26, 2007. The distribution will be made on or about January 31, 2007.
We have been approved to list our common shares on the American Stock Exchange, or AMEX, under the symbol "TA," subject to notice of issuance. Hospitality Trust common shares will continue to trade on the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, under the symbol "HPT". This distribution of our common shares is the first public distribution of our shares. Accordingly, we can provide no assurance to you as to what the market price of our shares may be.
Although we are a limited liability company, our common shares will have the voting, dividend and liquidation rights that are generally associated with common stock.
Investment in our shares involves risks. You should read this entire prospectus carefully, including the section entitled "Risk Factors" that begins on page 8 of this prospectus, which describes the material risks.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful and complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is January 26, 2007.
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| Questions and Answers About the Spin Off | ii | |
| Summary | 1 | |
| Risk Factors | 8 | |
| The Spin Off | 13 | |
| Dividend Policy | 16 | |
| Capitalization | 16 | |
| The Company | 16 | |
| Selected Historical Financial Information | 34 | |
| Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 35 | |
| Management | 48 | |
| Security Ownership After the Spin Off | 60 | |
| Certain Relationships | 62 | |
| Federal Income Tax Considerations | 63 | |
| Shares Eligible for Future Sale | 73 | |
| Description of Our Limited Liability Company Agreement | 73 | |
| Anti-Takeover Provisions | 81 | |
| Liability of Shareholders for Breach of Restrictions on Ownership | 82 | |
| Transfer Agent and Registrar | 82 | |
| Plan of Distribution | 82 | |
| Legal Matters | 82 | |
| Experts | 82 | |
| Where You Can Find More Information | 83 | |
| Index to Financial Statements and Schedules | F-1 |
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. Neither we nor Hospitality Trust has authorized anyone to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We and Hospitality Trust believe that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate as of the date on the cover. Changes may occur after that date, and we and Hospitality Trust do not expect to update this information except as required by applicable law.
At the present time we are, and until the time of the acquisition by Hospitality Trust of TravelCenters of America, Inc. we will be, a shell entity that has nominal assets and no liabilities, and is wholly owned by Hospitality Trust. TravelCenters of America, Inc. will become wholly owned by us after Hospitality Trust acquires it. We will then restructure the business of TravelCenters of America, Inc., after which Hospitality Trust will complete the spin off described herein. After the spin off we will continue the business of TravelCenters of America, Inc. including its day to day operations but because of the restructuring, other aspects of the business as conducted by us will be materially different than the business as it was historically conducted, as more fully described in "Selected Historical Financial Information" beginning on page 34.
Some of the descriptive material in this prospectus refers to the assets, liabilities, operations, results, activities or other attributes of the historical business conducted by TravelCenters of America, Inc. as if it had been conducted by us. For example, "our brands", "our assets" or similar words have been used in historical or current contexts to describe those matters which, while clearly attributable to our predecessor, will have continuing relevance to us after the acquisition, the restructuring and the spin off. However, because our business as a whole will be materially different following the restructuring and spin off from the business historically conducted by TravelCenters of America, Inc., none of these references are intended to imply that the historical business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows are indicative of our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows at any future date or for any future period.
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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE SPIN OFF
A: Hospitality Trust will distribute to you one of our common shares for every ten common shares of Hospitality Trust you own as of the close of business on January 26, 2007, the distribution record date.
A: The value of our shares will be determined by their trading price after the spin off. We do not know what the trading price will be and we can provide no assurance as to value.
A: Hospitality Trust will continue to operate as a real estate investment trust, or REIT. Immediately after the spin off, Hospitality Trust will own 146 travel centers leased to us and 310 hotels. In the future, Hospitality Trust may purchase additional properties, and some of these additional properties may be leased to us.
A: No. Hospitality Trust expects to continue quarterly cash distributions of $0.74/share ($2.96/share per year). We do not expect to make distributions to our shareholders.
A: Yes. We have been approved to list our common shares on the AMEX under the trading symbol "TA".
A: Yes. Hospitality Trust's common shares will continue to be listed on the NYSE under the symbol "HPT". The number of Hospitality Trust common shares you own will not change as a result of the spin off.
A: Your initial tax basis in the shares that you receive in the spin off will be determined by their trading price at the time of the spin off. The spin off will be a taxable distribution and a portion of the value you receive will be treated for tax purposes as ordinary income, capital gains or a reduction in your tax basis in your Hospitality Trust shares. Hospitality Trust will notify you after year end 2007 of the tax attributes of this spin off on Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, Form 1099.
A: No. Despite the legal structure of our organization, we will be a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
A: No action by you is required. If your Hospitality Trust common shares are held in a brokerage account, our common shares will be credited to that account. If you hold Hospitality Trust common shares in certificated or book entry form, your ownership of our shares will be recorded in the books of our transfer agent and a statement evidencing your ownership will be mailed to you. Certificates representing our common shares will not be issued in connection with the spin off, but we may elect to issue certificates in the future. No cash distributions will be paid and fractional shares will be recorded on the books of our transfer agent as necessary.
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| Distributing company | Hospitality Trust. | |||
Shares to be distributed |
All of our common shares, representing all of our limited liability company interests. Hospitality Trust will not retain any of our shares. The spin off is conditioned on the closing of Hospitality Trust's acquisition discussed below. |
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Distribution ratio and record date |
One of our common shares will be distributed for every ten common shares of Hospitality Trust owned of record at the close of business on the record date of January 26, 2007. No cash distributions will be paid and, if necessary, fractional shares will be distributed. |
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No payment required |
No holder of Hospitality Trust shares will be required to make any payment, exchange shares or to take any other action in order to receive our common shares. |
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Distribution date |
The spin off distribution date will be on or about January 31, 2007. |
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Federal income tax consequences |
Our shares distributed to you in the spin off will be treated for tax purposes like other distributions from Hospitality Trust. The total value of this distribution, as well as your initial tax basis in our shares, will be determined by the trading price of our common shares at the time of the spin off. A portion of the value of this distribution will be taxable to you and the remainder, if any, will be a reduction in your tax basis in your Hospitality Trust shares. |
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Unlike many limited liability companies, we will be a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes. |
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Hospitality Trust acquisition |
In September 2006, Hospitality Trust agreed to acquire through merger TravelCenters of America, Inc. from a group of private investors. The business of TravelCenters of America, Inc. includes the ownership of a substantial amount of real estate, the operation of this real estate as travel centers and other related business activities. Hospitality Trust expects to complete this acquisition in early 2007. The acquisition will be funded with cash; all of the debt of TravelCenters of America, Inc. will be repaid and its existing credit agreement will be terminated. The spin off will not occur if Hospitality Trust does not acquire TravelCenters of America, Inc. |
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Restructuring and spin off |
Upon closing of its acquisition by Hospitality Trust, TravelCenters of America, Inc. will become our subsidiary. We will restructure the business of TravelCenters of America, Inc. The principal effect of this restructuring will be that Hospitality Trust will become the owner of 146 travel centers now owned by TravelCenters of America, Inc., and we will lease these travel centers from Hospitality Trust after the spin off. Hospitality Trust will also become the owner of the "TravelCenters" and "TA" brand names and certain other assets. We will retain the remaining assets, including furniture, vehicles and substantially all other movable equipment employed at the travel centers that we operate and buildings that are situated on land owned by Hospitality Trust for nine travel centers that we operate, and related liabilities of TravelCenters of America, Inc. and continue its business activities after the spin off. |
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Reasons for the spin off |
Hospitality Trust is a REIT. We are not a REIT. We were created to conduct the activities of TravelCenters of America, Inc. that cannot be conducted by a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or IRC. Shareholders who continue to own our common shares and common shares of Hospitality Trust will be able to participate in REIT qualified ownership of real estate in Hospitality Trust, as well as in our business operations. |
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Conflicts of interest |
We were formed for the benefit of Hospitality Trust and not for our own benefit. Our formation allows Hospitality Trust to acquire and retain ownership of 146 travel centers without adverse tax consequences to Hospitality Trust. Because we were formed to benefit Hospitality Trust, some of our contractual relationships and the terms of our initial business operations may provide more benefits to Hospitality Trust than to us. |
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We will be subject to conflicts of interest, including the following: |
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One of our five directors, Mr. Barry M. Portnoy, is currently a trustee of Hospitality Trust and will remain so after the spin off. Another of our directors, Mr. Arthur G. Koumantzelis, was a trustee of Hospitality Trust, a position from which he resigned in January 2007. Another of our directors, Mr. Thomas M. O'Brien, was an executive officer of Hospitality Trust until 2003. Initially and for the foreseeable future, a substantial majority of our business will be conducted at travel centers which we will lease from Hospitality Trust. |
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Mr. Portnoy is the majority owner of Reit Management & Research LLC, or Reit Management. Reit Management is the manager for Hospitality Trust and will also provide services to us. Mr. O'Brien and Mr. John R. Hoadley, our treasurer, are employed by Reit Management, will continue to be so employed after the spin off and will be active in our management. |
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Some of our business may be on terms which are less favorable to us than terms we might have achieved if this history and these conflicts did not exist. |
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Distribution agent, transfer agent and registrar |
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., will be the distribution agent, transfer agent and registrar for our shares. |
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Listing |
There is currently no public market for our shares. We have been approved to list our common shares on the AMEX under the symbol "TA", subject to notice of issuance. We expect trading will commence on a "when issued" basis on or around the distribution record date. The listing of our shares does not ensure that an active trading market for our shares will be available to you. |
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| General | We were formed in 2006 under Delaware law as a limited liability company. Immediately after the spin off our principal place of business will be 24601 Center Ridge Road, Westlake, Ohio 44145, and our telephone number will be (440) 808-9100. | |||
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Business |
We operate and franchise a nationwide network of 163 hospitality and fuel service areas primarily along the U.S. interstate highway system. Our network includes 162 locations in 40 states in the U.S. and one location in Ontario, Canada. Included in our 163 locations are 146 locations which we will lease from Hospitality Trust, 13 locations owned and operated by franchisees, and four locations that we own or which we lease from or manage for other parties. Our typical location includes: |
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over 20 acres of land with parking for 170 tractor trailers and 100 cars; |
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a 150 seat, full service restaurant and one to three quick service restaurants, or QSRs, operated as a franchise under various brands; |
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a truck repair facility and parts store; |
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multiple diesel and gasoline fueling points; and |
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a travel and convenience store, game room, lounge and other amenities for professional truck drivers and motorists. |
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In addition, some travel centers include a hotel. |
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Growth strategy |
We expect to continue many of the growth strategies historically employed by our predecessor, TravelCenters of America, Inc. |
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Expansion through Organic Growth. We plan to continue to increase the standardization of the appearance of, and the services available at, our travel centers and to continue our customer loyalty and customer satisfaction programs in order to attract professional truck drivers and motorists to our travel centers. |
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Expansion through Acquisition. We may pursue strategic acquisitions. We believe that the financial results achievable at existing travel centers can be improved by adding them to our network. Our predecessor purchased a travel center in Illinois in November 2006 and converted it to the TA brand. We expect to regularly evaluate opportunities to expand our network through acquisitions. As of the date of this prospectus, we do not have any commitments, understandings or agreements to acquire travel centers. |
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Expansion through Development. Our development designs combine an efficient site layout with nationally branded QSRs and a wide variety of products and services. Our "prototype" design is generally appropriate for markets in which we can obtain large parcels of land and which have sufficient customer demand to support a full service restaurant. Our "protolite" design requires significantly less land than our prototype design, and enables us to quickly gain a presence in smaller markets. As of January 24, 2007, our predecessor owned or had under agreement three parcels of land suitable for development of new travel centers. |
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Expansion through Franchising. Opportunities to expand our network may not always be available to us as acquisition or development opportunities. In those cases, we may seek to expand our franchisee network. |
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Rights of first refusal |
In connection with the spin off, we will give Hospitality Trust or any other public entity affiliate of Reit Management the opportunity to acquire or finance any real estate investments of the types in which those entities invest before we do so. We will also provide Hospitality Trust the right to purchase, lease, mortgage or otherwise finance any interest we own in a travel center before we sell, mortgage or otherwise finance that travel center with another party. At present, we expect that our future business will be focused principally upon leasing, operating, managing, developing, acquiring and franchising travel centers, including additional travel centers which we may lease from Hospitality Trust. |
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Initial capitalization |
At the time of the spin off our principal assets will be cash, receivables and inventory. Net of trade and other payables, these assets will total about $200 million. We will have no funded debt at the time of the spin off. |
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Management |
Upon completion of the spin off, several management employees of TravelCenters of America, Inc. will become our officers. We expect to supplement these senior management employees, initially, with senior employees of Reit Management and we will enter an agreement with Reit Management to obtain other services, including certain real estate services and certain services which are required for our operations as a publicly owned company. |
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Dividend policy |
We do not expect to pay dividends. |
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Risk factors |
Your ownership of our common shares will involve the following risks: |
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No market exists for our shares; we do not know the price at which our shares will trade. |
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Shareholders who receive shares in spin offs often sell those shares; such sales may lower the market price of our shares. |
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Our operating margins are small; small changes in our revenues or operating expenses may cause us to experience losses. |
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Interruptions in the availability of fuel may cause us to experience losses. |
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We regularly incur environmental clean up costs; these costs may become more than we can afford. |
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Our franchisees may become unable to pay the royalties and other amounts due to us. |
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Our management team has been recently assembled from Hospitality Trust and its affiliates and from TravelCenters of America, Inc. and it may not be able to work together successfully. |
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The expenses we incur after the spin off are expected to be higher than those expenses incurred by our predecessor; this could result in a prolonged period of substantial losses. The persistence of such losses over an extended period of time would likely have a material negative impact on our business and on the market price of our common shares. |
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We may be unable to satisfy reporting requirements for publicly owned companies or we may have to increase our expenses to do so. |
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Our continuing relationships with Hospitality Trust and Reit Management may cause conflicts of interest. |
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Various provisions in our governing documents and our contracts with Hospitality Trust and Reit Management may prevent a change of control of us. |
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Organization and relationships
The following charts illustrate the acquisition of TravelCenters of America, Inc. by Hospitality Trust, the reorganization and spin off and the resulting ownership and contractual relationships among us, Hospitality Trust and Reit Management.
The Acquisition
The Reorganization and Spin off
After the Spin off
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Ownership of our shares involves various risks. The following are material risks:
Risks from the spin off
There has been no prior market for our common shares.
There has been no prior trading market for our common shares and we cannot predict the price at which our common shares will trade after the spin off. Our share price will be established by the public markets. We expect that our common shares may begin to trade in the public markets on a "when issued" basis on or about the record date. However, if no regular trading market develops for our common shares, you may not be able to sell your shares at what you consider to be a fair price. The market price of our shares may fluctuate significantly and will be influenced by many factors beyond our control.
Substantial sales of our common shares could cause our share price to decline after the spin off.
Some shareholders who receive our common shares in the spin off may sell our shares in the public markets. This may occur because some shareholders of Hospitality Trust who receive our shares are focused upon owning REIT shares and we are not a REIT. The sale of significant amounts of our common shares shortly after the spin off, or the perception in the market that this will occur, may lower the market price of our common shares.
Risks in our business
Our operating margins are narrow.
Our total operating revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, were $3.7 billion; and our cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation) and operating expenses for the same period totalled $3.5 billion. Fuel sales in particular generate low gross margins. Our fuel sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, were $3.0 billion and we generated a gross profit on fuel sales of $111 million. A small percentage decline in our future revenues or increase in our future expenses, especially revenues and expenses related to fuel, may have a material adverse effect upon our income or may cause us to experience losses.
An interruption in our fuel supplies would materially adversely affect our business.
To mitigate the risks arising from fuel price volatility, we generally maintain limited inventories of fuel. In the future, an interruption in our fuel supplies would materially adversely affect our business. Interruptions in fuel supplies may be caused by local conditions, such as a malfunction in a particular pipeline or terminal, or by national or international conditions, such as government rationing, acts of terrorism, war and the like. Any limitation in available fuel supplies which caused a decline in truck freight shipments or which caused a limit on the fuel we can offer for sale may have a material adverse effect on our sales of fuel and non-fuel products and services or may cause us to experience losses.
Our storage and dispensing of petroleum products create the potential for environmental damages, and compliance with environmental laws may be costly.
Our business is subject to laws relating to the protection of the environment. The travel centers we operate include fueling areas, truck repair and maintenance facilities and tanks for the storage of petroleum products and other hazardous substances, all of which create the potential for environmental damage. As a result, we regularly incur environmental clean up costs. Our pro forma balance sheet as of September 30, 2006, includes an accrued liability of $11.8 million for environmental remediation costs. Because of the uncertainties associated with environmental expenditures, it is possible that future
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expenditures could be substantially higher than this amount. Environmental laws expose us to the possibility that we become liable to reimburse the government or third parties for damages and costs they incur in connection with environmental hazards. We cannot predict what environmental legislation or regulations may be enacted or how existing laws or regulations will be administered or interpreted with respect to our products or activities in the future; more stringent laws, more vigorous enforcement policies or stricter interpretation of existing laws in the future could cause us to experience losses.
In addition, under the lease between us and Hospitality Trust, we have agreed to indemnify Hospitality Trust from all environmental liabilities it may incur arising at any of our travel centers during the term of the lease.
We have limited control of our franchisees.
Ten travel centers which we lease from Hospitality Trust are subleased to franchisees. An additional 13 travel centers are owned and operated by franchisees. The rent and royalties we receive from these franchisees represent a significant part of our net income. For the nine month period ended September 30, 2006, the rent and royalty revenues generated from these franchisee relationships was $7.5 million. Various laws and our existing franchise contracts limit the control we may exercise over our franchisees' business activities. A failure by our franchisees to pay rents and royalties to us may have a material adverse effect upon our financial results or may cause us to experience losses.
Risks arising from our formation and certain relationships
We have been recently reorganized.
We are a recently reorganized business. Our board and senior management include persons associated with Hospitality Trust and its affiliates, with Reit Management and with TravelCenters of America, Inc. This management team has no prior experience working together and they may not be able to do so successfully. Although we have implemented a retention bonus plan for executives of TravelCenters of America, Inc., we can provide no assurance that we will in fact retain any or all of these persons.
The restructuring of our business prior to the spin off will result in costs and cash outlays which are significantly higher than those of our predecessor and may result in a prolonged period of substantial losses.
On a pro forma basis for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, we incurred expenses of $124.8 million under the terms of our lease agreement and our management and shared services agreement. This amount is significantly higher than the depreciation, which is a non-cash expense, and interest expenses that were incurred by our predecessor that we expect to avoid after the spin off transaction. In addition, our lease agreement with Hospitality Trust requires us to make capital expenditures to maintain the travel centers we lease and expenditures we make for improvements which are in excess of $125 million that we may draw from Hospitality Trust will either be paid by us directly without reimbursement, or if they are reimbursed by Hospitality Trust, increase our cash rental obligations and rent expense. These additional expenses and cash outlays may result in a prolonged period of substantial losses and negative cash flow. If we incur material losses or negative cash flow, and these losses or negative cash flows persist over a substantial period of time, we may suffer material negative impacts on our business, including but not limited to our ability to maintain our travel centers and make payments under our lease agreement with Hospitality Properties, and the market price of our common shares may decline substantially.
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Our creation was, and our continuing business will be, subject to conflicts of interest with Hospitality Trust and Reit Management.
Our creation was, and our continuing business will be, subject to conflicts of interest, as follows:
These conflicts may have caused, and in the future may cause, adverse effects on our business, including:
Our lease with Hospitality Trust requires that we indemnify Hospitality Trust from various liabilities.
Our lease with Hospitality Trust requires that we pay for, and indemnify Hospitality Trust from, liabilities associated with the ownership or operation of travel centers which may arise during the term of our lease. Accordingly our business will be subject to all our business operating risks and all the risks associated with real estate including:
Our relationships with Hospitality Trust and Reit Management may limit the growth of our business.
In connection with the spin off, we will enter agreements which prohibit us from acquiring or financing real estate in competition with Hospitality Trust or other affiliates of Reit Management, unless those investment opportunities are first offered to Hospitality Trust or those other entities.
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These restrictions may make it difficult or impossible for us to alter our business strategy to include investments in real estate. Also, because our lease with Hospitality Trust limits our ability to incur debt, ends in 2022 and prohibits ownership of more than 9.8% of our shares by any party, we may be unable to independently finance future growth opportunities.
Ownership limitations and anti-takeover provisions may prevent you from receiving a takeover premium.
Our limited liability company agreement, or LLC agreement, places restrictions on the ability of any person or group to acquire beneficial ownership of more than 9.8% (in number of shares, vote or value, whichever is most restrictive) of any class or series of our equity securities. The terms of our lease with Hospitality Trust and our management and shared services agreement with Reit Management provide that our rights under these agreements may be cancelled by Hospitality Trust and Reit Management, respectively, upon the acquisition by any person or group of more than 9.8% of our voting shares, and upon other change in control events, as defined in those agreements. If the breach of these ownership limitations causes a lease default, shareholders causing the default may become liable to us or to other shareholders for damages. These agreements and other provisions in our limited liability company agreement may increase the difficulty of acquiring control of us by means of a tender offer, open market purchases, a proxy fight or otherwise, if the acquisition is not approved by our board of directors. Other provisions in our governing documents which may deter takeover proposals include the following:
For any of these reasons, shareholders may be unable to cause a change of control of us or to realize a change of control premium for their common shares.
We may be unable to meet financial reporting and internal control standards for a publicly owned company.
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our CEO and CFO, and effected by our board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect our transactions and dispositions of assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with the authorization of our management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.
In connection with their review of our September 30, 2006, interim financial statements, our predecessor's independent registered public accounting firm identified a control deficiency that represents a material weakness in our predecessor's internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a control deficiency, or combination of control deficiencies, that results in a more than remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected. Our predecessor did not maintain effective controls over the accuracy of share based compensation expense in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. Specifically,
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effective controls were not maintained to ensure the accuracy of expense recognized over the vesting period of certain option awards. This control deficiency resulted in an adjustment to reduce the amounts of the share based compensation expense and additional paid in capital accounts by a material amount and in an adjustment to the related footnote disclosures in our predecessor's interim consolidated financial statements as of, and for the nine months ended, September 30, 2006. Additionally, if not remedied, this control deficiency could result in misstatements of the aforementioned accounts and disclosures that would result in a material misstatement in our annual or interim consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected. Accordingly, our predecessor's management has determined that this control deficiency constitutes a material weakness. Our predecessor's efforts to remediate the aforementioned material weakness in internal control over financial reporting consisted of strengthening processes related to accounting for share based compensation expense.
We may identify material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in the future. Beginning with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2007, pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002, our management will be required to assess the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, and we will be required to have our independent registered public accounting firm audit management's assessment and the design and operating effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. If our management or our independent registered public accounting firm were to either identify a material weakness or otherwise conclude in their reports that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective, investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information and the value of our stock could be adversely affected which, in turn, could harm our business and have an adverse effect on our future ability to raise capital funds.
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Key Dates
| Date |
Activity |
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| January 26, 2007 | Record Date. Upon the closing of Hospitality Trust's acquisition of TravelCenters of America, Inc., Hospitality Trust common shareholders will receive one of our common shares for every ten Hospitality Trust common shares owned of record at the close of business on this date. After our declaration of the record date, a market for our shares may develop before the distribution date and our shares may begin to trade. A market that develops for shares that will be issued in the future is referred to as a "when issued" market. If a "when issued" market develops for our shares, a market may develop for the trading of Hospitality Trust shares which does not include the right to receive the distribution of our shares, which is referred to as a "when issued/ex dividend" market. | |
January 31, 2007 |
Distribution Date. Upon the closing of Hospitality Trust's acquisition of TravelCenters of America, Inc., all of our common shares will be delivered to the distribution agent on or about this date, and the spin off will be completed. If you hold Hospitality Trust common shares in a brokerage account, your account will be credited with the number of our common shares to which you are entitled. If you hold Hospitality Trust common shares in certificated or book entry form, your ownership of our shares will be recorded in the books of our transfer agent and a statement will be mailed to you. Certificates representing our common shares will not be issued in connection with the spin off, but we may elect to issue certificates in the future. If a "when issued" and "when issued/ex dividend" market has developed for our shares and for Hospitality Trust shares, it will cease on this date; and thereafter all those shares will trade "regular way". |
Distribution Agent
The distribution agent for the spin off will be Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.
Listing and Trading of Our Shares
There is currently no public market for our shares. We have been approved to list our common shares on the AMEX under the symbol "TA." A "when issued" market, if one develops, may permit you and others to trade our shares on the AMEX before the shares are distributed.
Until our shares are distributed and an orderly trading market develops, the price of our shares may fluctuate significantly. We expect "regular way" trading on the AMEX to commence on the trading day following the distribution date. The listing of our shares will not ensure that an active trading market will be available to you. Many factors beyond our control will influence the market price of our shares, including the depth and liquidity of the market which develops, investor perception of our business and growth prospects and general market conditions.
Background and Reasons for the Spin Off
In order to maintain its status as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, a substantial majority of Hospitality Trust's revenues must be derived from real estate rents and mortgage interest.
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In September 2006, Hospitality Trust agreed to acquire by merger TravelCenters of America, Inc. for approximately $1.9 billion. TravelCenters of America, Inc. owns substantial real estate and operates its travel center network and other related businesses. Hospitality Trust cannot operate some of the businesses of TravelCenters of America, Inc. because of limitations applicable to REITs imposed by the IRC. By completing this spin off, Hospitality Trust will be able to own the real estate of 146 travel centers we operate and collect rents from us without incurring any federal income tax on those rents. We have been formed by Hospitality Trust to meet Hospitality Trust's need for a tenant for the travel centers it will continue to own after the spin off. We will be able to lease and operate these properties because we are not a REIT.
For a more detailed discussion of the tax provisions applicable to REITs which underlie the reasons for this spin off, see "Federal Income Tax Considerations".
The Hospitality Trust Acquisition
TravelCenters of America, Inc. will merge with a newly formed subsidiary of Hospitality Trust, and TravelCenters of America, Inc. will be the surviving entity in the merger. Hospitality Trust expects that its acquisition of TravelCenters of America, Inc. will be funded with cash, that TravelCenters of America, Inc.'s debt will be repaid and its credit agreement will be terminated. We expect this transaction to close on or about January 31, 2007. If the transaction does not close on or before January 31, 2007, Hospitality Trust will be required to post a deposit with the seller of $100 million and pay an increased purchase price of approximately $400,000 per day after January 31, 2007, for its acquisition of TravelCenters of America, Inc., but this increased purchase price will have no effect on us.
A copy of the merger agreement between Hospitality Trust and TravelCenters of America, Inc. has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. If you want more information about the merger agreement, you should read the entire merger agreement.
The distribution of our shares is conditioned on the closing of Hospitality Trust's acquisition of TravelCenters of America, Inc.
The Transaction Agreement
In order to govern relations before and after the spin off, prior to the spin off we will enter a transaction agreement with Hospitality Trust and Reit Management. The form of this transaction agreement has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. If you want more information about the actions which have been and will be taken to effect the spin off or about the agreements among us, Hospitality Trust and Reit Management concerning future relations, you should read the entire transaction agreement. The material provisions of the transaction agreement are summarized as follows:
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Manner of Effecting the Spin Off
If you hold Hospitality Trust common shares in a brokerage account, our common shares will be credited to your account. If you hold Hospitality Trust common shares in certificated or book entry form with our transfer agent, your ownership of our shares will be recorded on the books of our transfer agent and a statement will be mailed to you. Certificates representing our common shares will not be issued in connection with the spin off, but we may elect to issue certificates in the future. No cash distributions will be paid, and we will issue fractional shares of our common stock in connection with the spin off distribution as necessary. No holder of common shares of Hospitality Trust is required to make any payment, exchange or surrender any shares or take any other action in order to receive our common shares.
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We do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future.
The following table describes our pro forma capitalization as of September 30, 2006, assuming the closing of Hospitality Trust's acquisition of TravelCenters of America, Inc., the related restructuring and the spin off on that date (in 000s).
| |
Pro forma for the Hospitality Trust acquisition, the restructuring and the spin off |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Capital lease obligations(1) | $ | 105,252 | |
Debt |
|
||
Common equity |
350,932 |
||
Total capital |
$ |
456,184 |
|
General
We are a limited liability company formed under Delaware law on October 10, 2006, as a wholly owned subsidiary of Hospitality Trust. Our initial capitalization in a nominal amount was provided by Hospitality Trust on our formation date. Since that time, we have conducted no business activities. As described in more detail elsewhere in this prospectus, Hospitality Trust expects to acquire, indirectly through us, TravelCenters of America, Inc., restructure this acquired business and spin off all of our common shares to the shareholders of Hospitality Trust. Our business will include all of the assets of TravelCenters of America, Inc. not retained by Hospitality Trust, the right and obligation to lease and operate the travel centers retained by Hospitality Trust and cash which Hospitality Trust will contribute to us prior to the spin off.
Business Overview
We operate and franchise travel centers primarily along the U.S. interstate highway system. Our customers include long haul trucking fleets and their drivers, independent truck drivers and motorists. At January 24, 2007, our geographically diversified network included 163 travel centers located in 40 states in the U.S. and the province of Ontario, Canada. Many of our travel centers were originally developed more than 25 years ago when prime real estate locations along the interstate highway system were more readily available than they are today, a factor which we believe would make it difficult to replicate a network such as ours. We believe that our nationwide network provides an advantage to long haul trucking fleets by enabling them to reduce the number of their suppliers by routing their trucks within our network from coast to coast.
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We offer a broad range of products and services, including diesel fuel and gasoline, truck repair and maintenance services, full service restaurants, more than 20 different QSR brands, travel and convenience stores and other driver amenities.
The U.S. travel center and truck stop industry in which we operate consists of travel centers, truck stops, diesel fuel outlets and similar properties designed to meet the needs of long haul trucking fleets and their drivers, independent truck drivers and motorists. We believe that the travel center and truck stop industry is highly fragmented, with in excess of 3,000 travel centers and truck stops located on or near interstate highways nationwide.
History of our Predecessor
TravelCenters of America, Inc., or our predecessor, was formed in December 1992 by a group of institutional investors. In April 1993 our predecessor acquired the travel center assets of Unocal Corporation, or Unocal. The Unocal network included 139 travel centers, of which 95 were leased to operators, 42 were franchisee operated and two were operated by our predecessor. The Unocal network operated principally as a fuel wholesaler and franchisor.
In December 1993 our predecessor acquired the travel center assets of The British Petroleum Company plc., or BP. The BP network included 38 company operated and six franchisee operated travel centers. In contrast to the Unocal network, the BP network operated principally as an owner operator of travel centers.
In January 1997 our predecessor restructured its operating strategy to align the operation of the then 122 travel center Unocal network and the then 49 travel center BP network into a single network operated under the "TravelCenters of America" and "TA" brand names.
Network Development
Since 1997 a number of steps have increased the consistency of our brands and otherwise made our network more appealing to potential customers. During that period, our predecessor:
Re-imaging Program. Since 1997 our predecessor has pursued a capital program to upgrade, rebrand and otherwise re-image our travel centers. Through September 30, 2006, re-image projects have been completed at 40 of our travel centers at an average investment of $2.1 million each. These re-image projects typically include the addition of standardized architectural features to building facades, expansion of the square footage of travel and convenience stores, addition of a food court with two or three QSRs, renovation of showers and restrooms and updates to our full service restaurants. Also, through September 30, 2006, smaller scale re-image projects, which typically do not involve expansion of the building or addition of a food court, at another 78 travel centers have been completed at an average cost of $0.3 million each.
Freightliner Agreement. Since 1999 our predecessor has been party to an agreement with Freightliner LLC, a DaimlerChrysler company. Freightliner is the leading manufacturer of heavy trucks
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in North America. We are an authorized provider of repair work and specified warranty repairs to Freightliner's customers through the Freightliner ServicePoint Program®. Our truck maintenance and repair facilities are part of Freightliner's 24 hour customer assistance database for emergency and roadside repair referrals and we have access to Freightliner's parts distribution, service and technical information systems.
Maintenance and Repair Capacity Expansion Program. Since 2004 our predecessor has built additional truck maintenance and repair bays at existing travel centers in our network. We believe that additional maintenance and repair bays increase the revenue generating capacity of our maintenance and repair facilities by increasing productivity and reducing customer wait times. The number of our maintenance and repair bays has increased since 2004 by about 100 bays to over 400 bays at September 30, 2006.
Our Growth Strategy
Expansion through Organic Growth. We plan to continue the standardization of our travel centers and to increase the services we offer to attract professional truck drivers and motorists. We have identified eight additional travel centers that we operate that we intend to re-image and one travel center which we intend to raze and rebuild over the next two to three years. We have also identified travel centers at which we believe we can add 40 maintenance and repair bays during that same time period. We believe that we have other opportunities to increase our revenues, including, but not limited to, the expansion of the number of gasoline lanes at several of our travel centers to increase the number of gasoline customers serviced simultaneously, continued investment in our capital improvement program to keep our properties efficient and appealing to customers and continuing our customer loyalty and customer satisfaction programs.
Expansion through Acquisition. There are locations along the U.S. and Canadian interstate highway system that we consider to be strategic but in which we do not have an adequate presence. We believe that our existing network affords us the opportunity to make acquisitions of travel centers that may benefit from becoming part of our network, and we intend to pursue such acquisitions. Our predecessor purchased a travel center in Illinois in November 2006 and converted it to the TA brand. Although we have not identified other specific acquisition opportunities at this time, we regularly evaluate opportunities to expand our network through acquisitions, some of which may be significant in size. We expect that some or all of these acquisitions will be made by Hospitality Trust and that the acquired travel centers will be leased to us.
Expansion through Development. We plan to continue expansion of our network by building new travel centers. We have developed a "prototype" design and a smaller "protolite" design to standardize new travel centers. The prototype and protolite designs combine efficient site plans with nationally branded QSRs and offer a broad range of products and services. Since 1999 our predecessor has constructed seven travel centers in the prototype design and five travel centers in the protolite design. Our prototype design is generally appropriate for markets in which we can obtain large parcels of land and which have sufficient demand to support a full service restaurant. In contrast, our protolite design requires significantly less land and enables us to quickly gain a presence in certain markets at lower costs. As of September 30, 2006, our predecessor owned two parcels of land, one in Texas and one in California, on which development of new travel centers has begun, and a third parcel of land in Texas under agreement for acquisition; if we acquire this parcel, we intend to build a new travel center on it for opening in 2008.
Expansion through Franchising. In some cases, we may find that opportunities to expand our network are not available to us as development or acquisition opportunities. In those cases, we may seek to expand our franchisee network.
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Our Network
We expect that upon completion of the spin off our travel center network will consist of:
Our typical travel center contains:
In addition, some travel centers include a hotel.
Our travel centers are designed to appeal to drivers whether they seek a quick stop or a more extended visit. Substantially all of our travel centers are full service sites located on or near an interstate highway and offer fuel and non-fuel products and services 24 hours per day, 365 days per year.
Properties. The physical layouts of the travel centers in our network vary from site to site. The majority of the developed acreage at our travel centers consists of truck and car fuel islands, separate truck and car parking lots, a main building, which contains a full service restaurant and one or more QSRs, a travel and convenience store, a truck maintenance and repair shop and other amenities.
Product and Service Offering. We offer diverse products and services to complement our diesel fuel business, including:
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Operations
Fuel supply. We purchase diesel fuel from various suppliers at rates that fluctuate with market prices and generally are reset daily, and resell fuel to our customers at prices that we establish daily. By establishing supply relationships with an average of four to five alternate suppliers per location, we believe we are able to effectively create competition for our purchases among various diesel fuel suppliers on a daily basis. We also believe that purchasing arrangements with multiple diesel fuel suppliers may help us avoid product outages during times of diesel fuel supply disruptions. We have a
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single source of supply for gasoline at most of our travel centers that offer branded gasoline; our travel centers selling unbranded gasoline generally purchase gasoline from multiple sources.
Generally our fuel purchases are delivered directly from suppliers' terminals to our travel centers. We do not contract to purchase substantial quantities of fuel to keep as inventory. Therefore we are exposed to price increases and interruptions in supply. We generally have less than three days of diesel fuel inventory at our travel centers. We believe our exposure to market price increases for diesel fuel is mitigated by the significant percentage of our total diesel fuel sales volume that is sold under pricing formulas that are indexed to market prices, which reset daily. We do not engage in any fixed price fuel contracts with customers. We may engage, from time to time, in a minimal level of hedging of the price of our fuel purchases with futures and other derivative instruments that primarily are traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange. We had no derivative instruments as of September 30, 2006.
Non-fuel products supply. We have many sources for the large variety of non-fuel products that we sell. We have developed strategic relationships with several suppliers of key non-fuel products, including Freightliner LLC for truck parts, Bridgestone/Firestone Tire Sales Company for truck tires and ExxonMobil for Mobil brand lubricants and oils. We believe that our relationships with these and our other suppliers are satisfactory.
Centralized purchasing and distribution. We maintain a distribution center near Nashville, Tennessee with 85,000 square feet of space. Our distribution center distributes a variety of non-fuel and non-perishable products to our travel center network using a combination of contract carriers and our fleet of trucks and trailers. We believe we realize cost savings by using our consolidated purchasing power to negotiate volume discounts with our suppliers and that using our own national distribution center helps us control shipping charges.
Our Travel Centers
Our travel centers are geographically diversified, located in 39 states in the U.S. and in Ontario, Canada. The travel centers we operate and their significant services and amenities are generally described in the chart below. Each of these properties will be owned by Hospitality Trust and leased by us.
| City |
State |
Total acres |
Building area |
Car parking spaces |
Truck parking spaces |
Gasoline lanes |
# Diesel lanes |
Store sales area |
Full service restaurant |
Truck repair facility |
QSRs |
Hotel |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mobile | AL | 15 | 16,685 | 77 | 89 | * | 6 | 1,722 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Tuscaloosa | AL | 15 | 28,619 | 140 | 151 | * | 10 | 2,491 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Prescott | AR | 26 | 19,202 | 144 | 292 | * | 10 | 2,500 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| West Memphis | AR | 47 | 21,895 | 76 | 170 | * | 8 | 2,660 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Eloy | AZ | 22 | 26,269 | 87 | 234 | * | 12 | 2,820 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Kingman | AZ | 28 | 13,231 | 100 | 115 | * | 9 | 2,100 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Tonopah | AZ | 53 | 21,475 | 80 | 407 | * | 12 | 3,000 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Willcox | AZ | 21 | 16,459 | 75 | 229 | * | 8 | 2,600 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Barstow | CA | 25 | 24,654 | 122 | 303 | * | 16 | 3,500 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Buttonwillow | CA | 16 | 13,880 | 129 | 170 | * | 7 | 2,500 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Coachella | CA | 17 | 30,458 | 140 | 205 | * | 12 | 2,880 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Corning | CA | 24 | 20,945 | 54 | 254 | * | 14 | 3,696 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Ontario East | CA | 32 | 32,696 | 132 | 559 | 16 | 4,224 | * | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Ontario West | CA | 35 | 23,893 | 76 | 549 | * | 10 | 1,450 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Redding | CA | 20 | 17,853 | 87 | 196 | * | 10 | 2,400 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Santa Nella | CA | 23 | 12,904 | 100 | 240 | * | 8 | 2,200 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Wheeler Ridge(1) | CA | 20 | 20,514 | 111 | 130 | * | 8 | 2,800 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Denver East | CO | 27 | 30,676 | 117 | 224 | * | 8 | 3,000 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Denver West | CO | 13 | 12,660 | 40 | 163 | * | 7 | 2,200 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Limon | CO | 11 | 16,906 | 60 | 104 | * | 12 | 3,600 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
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| Milldale | CT | 13 | 15,580 | 77 | 145 | * | 9 | 2,153 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| New Haven | CT | 12 | 12,953 | 64 | 170 | * | 10 | 3,000 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Willington | CT | 43 | 19,870 | 155 | 240 | * | 8 | 2,696 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Marianna | FL | 32 | 18,028 | 105 | 112 | * | 9 | 1,800 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Tampa | FL | 10 | 22,094 | 75 | 158 | * | 6 | 2,500 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Vero Beach | FL | 28 | 16,579 | 88 | 162 | * | 8 | 1,650 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Wildwood | FL | 23 | 24,022 | 100 | 170 | * | 10 | 2,832 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Atlanta | GA | 18 | 24,180 | 128 | 218 | 10 | 2,400 | * | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Brunswick(2) | GA | 28 | 15,000 | 91 | 81 | | | * | ||||||||||||||||
| Cartersville | GA | 21 | 30,676 | 105 | 212 | * | 8 | 3,000 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Commerce | GA | 13 | 14,238 | 80 | 133 | * | 8 | 1,800 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Cordele(1) | GA | 29 | 52,198 | 90 | 114 | * | 12 | 3,884 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Madison | GA | 12 | 16,446 | 105 | 149 | * | 7 | 2,400 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Savannah | GA | 20 | 15,773 | 80 | 175 | * | 7 | 2,500 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Council Bluffs | IA | 11 | 15,684 | 84 | 78 | * | 8 | 2,150 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Boise | ID | 13 | 20,700 | 34 | 95 | * | 8 | 2,500 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Bloomington | IL | 19 | 14,261 | 95 | 147 | 8 | 1,600 | * | * | |||||||||||||||
| Chicago North | IL | 63 | 26,400 | 105 | 215 | * | 10 | 2,500 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Effingham | IL | 13 | 30,397 | 127 | 137 | * | 11 | 2,789 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Elgin | IL | 15 | 20,023 | 97 | 92 | * | 9 | 3,120 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Mt Vernon | IL | 33 | 21,839 | 97 | 169 | * | 8 | 2,900 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Troy | IL | 20 | 24,340 | 83 | 87 | * | 8 | 2,440 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Gary | IN | 22 | 33,344 | 109 | 318 | * | 16 | 2,102 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Lake Station | IN | 23 | 25,130 | 170 | 252 | * | 17 | 2,896 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Porter | IN | 35 | 22,000 | 51 | 212 | * | 12 | 2,330 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Seymour | IN | 16 | 15,807 | 55 | 167 | * | 9 | 1,440 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Whitestown | IN | 39 | 12,953 | 96 | 172 | * | 8 | 2,800 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Florence | KY | 11 | 18,783 | 87 | 123 | * | 8 | 2,600 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Walton | KY | 9 | 15,988 | 46 | 99 | * | 8 | 2,500 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Lafayette | LA | 14 | 17,034 | 47 | 94 | * | 7 | 2,400 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Slidell | LA | 22 | 20,607 | 145 | 159 | * | 10 | 2,200 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Tallulah | LA | 17 | 18,625 | 75 | 135 | * | 8 | 2,500 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Baltimore | MD | 21 | 65,884 | 92 | 181 | 8 | 3,500 | * | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Elkton | MD | 30 | 21,576 | 125 | 164 | * | 10 | 2,800 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Jessup | MD | 25 | 88,889 | 100 | 453 | 10 | 6,400 | * | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Ann Arbor | MI | 32 | 18,477 | 90 | 205 | * | 10 | 2,400 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Monroe | MI | 33 | 20,383 | 105 | 156 | * | 8 | 3,000 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Saginaw | MI | 11 | 13,735 | 84 | 70 | * | 8 | 1,800 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Sawyer | MI | 23 | 27,920 | 100 | 140 | * | 12 | 3,500 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Rogers | MN | 12 | 17,291 | 93 | 150 | * | 8 | 1,950 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Concordia | MO | 20 | 24,200 | 100 | 146 | * | 10 | 2,365 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Foristell | MO | 17 | 14,162 | 111 | 95 | * | 8 | 2,000 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Matthews | MO | 29 | 16,815 | 62 | 114 | * | 8 | 1,920 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Oak Grove | MO | 15 | 19,777 | 97 | 132 | * | 10 | 2,900 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Meridian | MS | 13 | 17,330 | 41 | 90 | * | 8 | 2,000 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Candler | NC | 20 | 12,853 | 45 | 98 | * | 8 | 1,536 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Greensboro | NC | 29 | 29,508 | 122 | 186 | * | 12 | 2,798 | * | * | * | * | ||||||||||||
| Grand Island | NE | 19 | 19,223 | 64 | 82 | * | 6 | 2,000 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Ogallala | NE | 17 | 17,594 | 72 | 94 | * | 8 | 2,516 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Greenland | NH | 7 | 17,361 | 33 | 105 | * | 9 | 2,646 | * | |||||||||||||||
| Bloomsbury | NJ | 13 | 23,660 | 96 | 129 | * | 10 | 2,840 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Columbia | NJ | 16 | 17,573 | 90 | 185 | * | 11 | 2,472 | * | * | * | * | ||||||||||||
| Paulsboro | NJ | 25 | 19,206 | 44 | 175 | * | 12 | 3,165 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Albuquerque | NM | 12 | 20,318 | 96 | 150 | * | 8 | 1,700 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Gallup | NM | 15 | 17,916 | 121 | 76 | * | 8 | 1,100 | * | * | * | * | ||||||||||||
| Las Cruces | NM | 19 | 30,667 | 102 | 232 | * | 9 | 3,000 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Moriarity | NM | 26 | 18,718 | 55 | 245 | * | 10 | 2,400 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Santa Rosa | NM | 25 | 25,694 | 57 | 116 | * | 11 | 3,000 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Las Vegas | NV | 12 | 20,207 | 116 | 144 | * | 10 | 2,600 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Mill City | NV | 73 | 38,613 | 88 | 152 | * | 10 | 2,200 | * | * | * | * | ||||||||||||
| Sparks | NV | 15 | 24,827 | 122 | 200 | * | 8 | 3,000 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Binghamton | NY | 10 | 5,726 | 55 | 111 | * | 8 | 1,400 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Dansville | NY | 16 | 13,580 | 86 | 102 | * | 12 | 1,900 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Fultonville | NY | 15 | 39,345 | 32 | 112 | * | 10 | 1,500 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Maybrook | NY | 16 | 20,499 | 85 | 188 | * | 12 | 2,000 | * | * | * | * |
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| Pembroke | NY | 16 | 13,807 | 108 | 132 | * | 8 | 1,800 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Ashland | OH | 7 | 12,888 | 106 | | * | | 4,000 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Dayton | OH | 90 | 12,281 | 62 | 232 | * | 7 | 2,300 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Hebron | OH | 17 | 20,337 | 39 | 141 | * | 10 | 2,800 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Jeffersonville | OH | 12 | 20,257 | 87 | 125 | * | 8 | 3,120 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Kingsville | OH | 37 | 23,206 | 51 | 158 | * | 10 | 3,024 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Lodi | OH | 25 | 33,775 | 133 | 237 | * | 10 | 3,000 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| London | OH | 27 | 19,224 | 109 | 185 | * | 8 | 2,800 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| North Canton | OH | 11 | 8,466 | 77 | 93 | 8 | 950 | * | * | |||||||||||||||
| Toledo | OH | 18 | 19,156 | 108 | 207 | * | 10 | 2,116 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Youngstown | OH | 16 | 30,466 | 120 | 161 | 10 | 2,200 | * | * | |||||||||||||||
| Oklahoma City East | OK | 19 | 26,327 | 77 | 175 | * | 10 | 2,500 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Oklahoma City West | OK | 19 | 18,622 | 72 | 150 | * | 8 | 2,800 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Sayre | OK | 20 | 10,439 | 25 | 101 | * | 9 | 1,900 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Portland | OR | 20 | 17,135 | 30 | 275 | * | 8 | 2,849 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Troutdale | OR | 25 | 44,282 | 73 | 225 | * | 10 | 3,000 | * | * | * | * | ||||||||||||
| Barkeyville | PA | 61 | 9,426 | 135 | 112 | * | 8 | 1,050 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Bloomsburg | PA | 13 | 19,105 | 104 | 190 | * | 8 | 1,885 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Brookville | PA | 49 | 20,600 | 109 | 264 | * | 8 | 2,350 | * | * | * | * | ||||||||||||
| Greencastle | PA | 24 | 14,149 | 114 | 194 | * | 12 | 3,335 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Harborcreek | PA | 27 | 25,227 | 138 | 266 | * | 10 | 2,900 | * | * | * | * | ||||||||||||
| Harrisburg | PA | 54 | 20,195 | 110 | 178 | 9 | 2,200 | * | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Lamar | PA | 68 | 11,625 | 95 | 168 | * | 9 | 1,500 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Milesburg | PA | 11 | 8,822 | 30 | 122 | * | 8 | 1,360 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Florence(1) | SC | 10 | 30,340 | 94 | 77 | * | 9 | 3,000 | * | |||||||||||||||
| Manning | SC | 15 | 17,946 | 80 | 84 | * | 8 | 2,600 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Spartanburg | SC | 26 | 31,682 | 122 | 187 | * | 8 | 1,740 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Antioch | TN | 22 | 20,856 | 158 | 154 | * | 9 | 2,200 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Franklin | TN | 13 | 15,922 | 91 | 100 | * | 8 | 1,500 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Knoxville | TN | 24 | 22,868 | 99 | 128 | 10 | 2,314 | * | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Nashville | TN | 17 | 23,280 | 230 | 154 | 10 | 2,257 | * | * | |||||||||||||||
| Amarillo West | TX | 25 | 33,226 | 150 | 243 | * | 8 | 3,000 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Baytown | TX | 17 | 11,715 | 88 | 184 | * | 12 | 2,800 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Big Spring | TX | 14 | 24,772 | 59 | 108 | * | 6 | 3,100 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Dallas South | TX | 20 | 18,081 | 100 | 146 | * | 8 | 2,400 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Ganado | TX | 11 | 20,030 | 87 | 104 | * | 8 | 4,400 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| New Braunfels | TX | 20 | 19,307 | 115 | 298 | * | 10 | 2,800 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Rockwall | TX | 13 | 16,714 | 90 | 100 | * | 6 | 2,400 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| San Antonio | TX | 31 | 32,750 | 82 | 258 | * | 8 | 3,000 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Terrell | TX | 22 | 21,683 | 125 | 401 | * | 12 | 4,100 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Parowan | UT | 7 | 9,144 | 61 | 48 | * | 6 | 2,900 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Salt Lake City | UT | 20 | 18,843 | 75 | 191 | * | 7 | 2,400 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Ashland | VA | 19 | 25,841 | 98 | 183 | * | 8 | 2,328 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Richmond | VA | 25 | 20,453 | 81 | 154 | * | 18 | 3,000 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Roanoke | VA | 12 | 21,033 | 103 | 129 | * | 8 | 2,000 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Wytheville | VA | 17 | 20,654 | 108 | 114 | * | 10 | 3,044 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Seattle East | WA | 16 | 20,365 | 60 | 150 | 6 | 2,000 | * | * | |||||||||||||||
| Hudson | WI | 15 | 15,443 | 30 | 100 | * | 7 | 1,800 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Madison | WI | 11 | 16,446 | 102 | 118 | * | 9 | 1,600 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Hurricane | WV | 21 | 16,544 | 53 | 76 | * | 10 | 1,500 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Wheeling | WV | 8 | 12,346 | 36 | 182 | 10 | 2,958 | * | * | |||||||||||||||
| Cheyenne | WY | 23 | 18,590 | 66 | 150 | * | 10 | 2,600 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Fort Bridger | WY | 135 | 14,646 | 19 | 165 | * | 10 | 2,800 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Rawlins | WY | 28 | 18,594 | 80 | 188 | * | 12 | 4,100 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Woodstock(3) | Ontario, | 27 | 28,000 | 103 | 202 | * | 12 | 3,000 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Canada |
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We expect that Hospitality Trust will retain the interests in the land and buildings which were owned by our predecessor for 137 of the 146 travel centers we lease from Hospitality Trust. We also expect that Hospitality Trust will retain the ownership and leasehold interests in the land but not the buildings for the remaining nine travel centers we expect to lease from Hospitality Trust.
Our Lease with Hospitality Trust
We were formed for the benefit of Hospitality Trust and not for our own benefit. Our formation allows Hospitality Trust to acquire and retain ownership of 146 travel centers. Because we were formed to benefit Hospitality Trust, the lease was prepared by Hospitality Properties and was not negotiated in an arm's length negotiation. Consequently, the lease may provide more benefits to Hospitality Trust than to us.
The lease between us and Hospitality Trust will be effective upon completion of the spin off. One of our subsidiaries is the tenant under the lease, and we, TravelCenters of America Holding Company LLC and TA Operating LLC will guarantee the tenant's obligations under the lease. The form of this lease has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. The following is a summary of the material terms of this lease:
Operating Costs. The lease is a so called "triple net" lease which requires us to pay all costs incurred in the operation of the leased travel centers, including personnel, utilities, acquiring inventories, service to customers, insurance, real estate and personal property taxes and ground lease payments, if any.
Minimum Rent. The lease requires us to pay minimum rent to Hospitality Trust as follows:
| Lease Year |
Annual Rent (000s) |
Per Month (000s) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | $ | 153,500 | $ | 12,792 | ||
| 2 | 157,000 | 13,083 | ||||
| 3 | 161,000 | 13,417 | ||||
| 4 | 165,000 | 13,750 | ||||
| 5 | 170,000 | 14,167 | ||||
| Thereafter | 175,000 | 14,583 | ||||
In addition, minimum rents may increase if Hospitality Trust funds or reimburses the cost of renovations, improvements and equipment related to the leased travel centers as described below.
Improvements. Hospitality Trust has agreed to provide up to $25 million of funding annually for the first five years of the lease for certain specified improvements to the leased properties. This funding is cumulative, meaning if some portion of the $25 million is not spent in one year it may be drawn by us from Hospitality Trust in subsequent years; provided, however, the entire $125 million of funding must be drawn before December 31, 2015. All improvements will be owned by Hospitality Trust. There will be no adjustment in our minimum rent as these amounts are funded by Hospitality Trust.
Maintenance and Alterations. Except for Hospitality Trust's commitment to fund up to $125 million as described above, we must maintain, at our expense, the leased travel centers in good order and repair, including structural and non-structural components. The lease requires us to submit an annual budget for capital expenditures at the leased travel centers to Hospitality Trust for approval. We may request that Hospitality Trust fund approved amounts for renovations, improvements and equipment at the leased travel centers, in addition to the $125 million described above, in return for minimum annual rent increases according to a formula, generally, the minimum rent per year will be increased by an amount equal to the amount funded by Hospitality Trust times the greater of (i) 8.5% or (ii) a benchmark U.S. Treasury interest rate plus 3.5%. At the end of the lease we must surrender
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the leased travel centers in substantially the same condition as existed at the commencement of the lease subject to any permitted alterations and ordinary wear and tear.
Percentage Rent. Starting in 2012, the lease will require us to pay Hospitality Trust additional rent with respect to each lease year generally in an amount equal to three percent (3%) of increases in non-fuel gross revenues and three tenths of one percent (0.3%) of increases in gross fuel revenues at each leased travel center over the respective gross revenue amounts for the base year, which will be 2011. Percentage rent attributable to fuel sales is subject to a maximum each year calculated by reference to changes in the consumer price index.
Term. The lease expires on December 31, 2022.
Assignment and Subletting. Hospitality Trust's consent is required for any direct or indirect assignment or sublease of any of the leased travel centers. We remain liable under the lease for subleased and franchised travel centers.
Environmental Matters. We indemnify Hospitality Trust from liabilities which may arise from any violation of any environmental law or regulation which occurs during the term of the lease.
Indemnification and Insurance. With limited exceptions, we indemnify Hospitality Trust from liabilities which arise during the term of the lease from ownership or operation of the leased travel centers. We generally must maintain commercially reasonable insurance. We expect our insurance coverage as of the time the lease commences to include:
The lease requires that Hospitality Trust be named as an additional insured under our policies.
Damage, Destruction or Condemnation. If any leased travel center is damaged by fire or other casualty or taken by eminent domain, we are generally obligated to rebuild. If the leased travel center cannot be restored, Hospitality Trust will generally receive all insurance or taking proceeds, we are liable to Hospitality Trust for any deductible or deficiency between the replacement cost and the amount of proceeds, and the annual minimum rent will be reduced by, at Hospitality Trust's option, either 8.5% of the net proceeds paid to Hospitality Trust or the fair market rental of the damaged, destroyed or condemned property, or portion thereof, as of the commencement date of the lease.
Events of Default. Events of default under the lease include the following:
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Remedies. Following the occurrence of any event of default, the lease provides that, among other things, Hospitality Trust may, to the extent legally permitted:
We are also obligated to reimburse Hospitality Trust for all costs and expenses incurred in connection with any exercise of the foregoing remedies.
Lease Subordination. Our lease may be subordinated to any mortgages of the leased travel centers by Hospitality Trust, but Hospitality Trust will be required to obtain a nondisturbance agreement for our benefit.
Financing Limitations; Security. Without Hospitality Trust's prior written consent, our tenant subsidiary may not incur debt secured by any of its assets used in the operation of the leased travel centers; provided, however, our tenant subsidiary may incur purchase money debt to acquire assets used in these operations and we may encumber such assets to obtain a line of credit secured by our tenant subsidiary receivables, inventory or certain other assets used in these operations.
Lease Termination. When the lease terminates, any equipment, furniture, fixtures, inventory and supplies at the leased travel centers that we own may be purchased by Hospitality Trust at their then fair market value. Also at lease termination, Hospitality Trust has the right to license any of our software used in the operation of the leased travel centers at its then fair market value, to offer employment to employees at the leased travel centers and we have agreed to cooperate in the transfer of permits, agreements and the like necessary for the then current operation of the leased travel centers.
Territorial Restrictions. Under the terms of the lease, we generally cannot own, franchise, operate, lease or manage any travel center or similar property within 75 miles in either direction along the primary interstate on which the leased travel center is located without the consent of Hospitality Trust, unless we owned, franchised or operated that travel center on the date the lease commenced or unless that travel center is owned by Hospitality Trust.
Non-Economic Properties. If during the lease term the continued operation of any leased travel center becomes non-economic as defined in the lease, we may offer such travel center for sale including a sale of Hospitality Trust's interest in the property, free and clear of our leasehold interests. The net sale proceeds received will be paid to Hospitality Trust and the annual minimum rent payable
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shall be reduced by, at Hospitality Trust's option, either the amount of such proceeds times 8.5% or the fair market rental for such property as of the commencement date of the lease. No more than a total of 15 leased properties may be offered for sale as non-economic properties during the lease term. No sale of a leased property may be completed without Hospitality Trust's consent; provided, however, if Hospitality Trust does not consent, that property will no longer be part of the lease and the minimum rent will be reduced as if the sale had been completed.
Relationships with Franchisees
We have franchise agreements with lessees and owners of travel centers. We collect franchise, royalty and other fees under these agreements. As of September 30, 2006, there were 23 travel centers in our network which we do not operate but which are operated by our franchisees. Ten of these travel centers are leased by us from Hospitality Trust and subleased by us to a franchisee. Thirteen of these travel centers are owned, or leased from others, by our franchisees. Seventeen of these travel centers operate under our current form of franchise agreement and the remaining six operate under "legacy" franchise agreements described below. During December 2006, we signed a franchise agreement for one location that we expect to add to our network during the second quarter of 2007. Under the terms of our lease agreement with Hospitality Trust, generally we have the right to use trademarks owned by Hospitality Trust in our franchise operation during the term of our lease with Hospitality Trust without payment of a fee. Our franchised locations as of September 30, 2006, are generally described in the following chart:
| City |
State |
Total acres |
Building area |
Car parking spaces |
Truck parking spaces |
Gasoline lanes |
# Diesel lanes |
Store sales area |
Full service restaurant |
Truck repair facility |
QSRs |
Hotel |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Montgomery (1) | AL | 10 | 15,739 | 55 | 125 | * | 8 | 1,442 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Baldwin (1) | FL | 18 | 15,042 | 44 | 137 | * | 7 | 2,300 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Jacksonville South (1) | FL | 19 | 22,855 | 90 | 90 | * | 7 | 3,000 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Atlanta South (1) | GA | 29 | 20,520 | 100 | 200 | * | 8 | 3,600 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Lake Park (1) | GA | 9 | 14,900 | 60 | 75 | * | 8 | 1,008 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Walcott (2) | IA | 70 | 107,375 | 250 | 300 | * | 15 | 39,790 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Clayton (1) | IN | 16 | 14,130 | 108 | 100 | * | 7 | 3,232 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Beto Junction (2) | KS | 35 | 23,000 | 112 | 275 | * | 7 | 3,400 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Oakley (2) | KS | 13 | 13,200 | 40 | 100 | * | 5 | 3,116 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Albert Lea (2) | MN | 31 | 49,000 | 270 | 305 | * | 10 | 6,500 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Mt.Vernon (2) | MO | 15 | 22,000 | 90 | 150 | * | 12 | 5,000 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Strafford (2) | MO | 18 | 20,000 | 90 | 130 | * | 8 | 4,000 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Kenly (2) | NC | 34 | 36,000 | 120 | 200 | * | 12 | 3,500 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Napoleon (2) | OH | 10 | 9,000 | 100 | 120 | * | 8 | 3,500 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Wapakoneta (2) | OH | 19 | 30,000 | 50 | 140 | * | 8 | 5,000 | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Eugene (2) | OR | 20 | 25,000 | 50 | 140 | * | 8 | 6,500 | * | * | * | * | ||||||||||||
| Breezewood (2) | PA | 30 | 27,000 | 125 | 200 | * | 9 | 12,000 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Jackson (1) | TN | 10 | 13,527 | 90 | 100 | * | 9 | 2,784 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Knoxville West (1) | TN | 25 | 22,238 | 146 | 176 | * | 8 | 1,728 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Denton (1) | TX | 15 | 19,247 | 62 | 110 | * | 8 | 2,604 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Edinburg (2) | TX | 18 | 14,500 | 32 | 120 | * | 6 | 3,000 | * | * | * | * | ||||||||||||
| Sweetwater (1) | TX | 18 | 12,600 | 43 | 160 | * | 8 | 2,750 | * | * | * | |||||||||||||
| Janesville (2) | WI | 5 | 12,000 | 45 | 85 | * | 7 | 8,500 |
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Network Franchise Agreements
Material provisions of our network franchise agreements include the following:
Initial Franchise Fee. The initial franchise fee for a new franchise is $100,000.
Term of Agreement. The initial term of the network franchise agreement is ten years. The network franchise agreement provides for two five year renewals on the terms then being offered to prospective franchisees at the time of the franchise renewal. The remaining initial terms of the current network franchise agreements end in 2012 through 2015. The average remaining term of these agreements as of September 30, 2006, including all renewal periods, was 17 years.
Protected Territory. Generally we and Hospitality Trust have agreed not to operate, or allow another person to operate, a travel center or travel center business that uses the "TravelCenters of America" or "TA" brand within 75 miles in either direction along the primary interstate on which the franchised travel center is located.
Restrictive Covenants. Generally our franchisees may not operate any travel center or truck stop related business under a franchise agreement, licensing agreement or marketing plan or system of another person or entity. If the franchisee owns the franchised premises, generally for a two year period after termination of our franchise agreement the franchisee may not operate the site with a competitive brand.
Fuel Purchases, Sales and Royalties. Our franchisees that operate travel centers that they lease from us must purchase all of their diesel fuel from us; our franchisees that operate travel centers that they own are not required to purchase their diesel fuel from us. Our franchisees may purchase gasoline only from suppliers that we approve and generally must pay a royalty fee to us of $0.03 per gallon of gasoline sold.
Royalty Payments on Non-Fuel Revenues. Franchisees are required to pay us a royalty fee generally equal to 3.75% of all non-fuel revenues. If a franchisee operates one or more QSRs on the franchised premises, the franchisee must pay us 3% of all revenues in connection with those sales net of royalties paid to QSR franchisors.
Advertising, Promotion and Image Enhancement. Our franchisees are required to contribute 0.6% of their non-fuel revenues and net revenues from QSRs to partially fund system wide advertising, marketing and promotional expenses we incur.
Non-fuel Product Offerings. Franchisees are required to operate their travel centers in conformity with guidelines that we establish and offer any products and services that we deem to be a standard product or service in our network.
Termination/Nonrenewal. Generally, we may terminate or refuse to renew a network franchise agreement for default by the franchisee. We may also refuse to renew if we determine that renewal would not be in our economic interest or if the franchisee will not agree to the terms in our then current form of franchise agreement.
Legacy Franchise Agreements
Six of our 23 franchised travel centers are operated under forms of our franchise agreement that were in use prior to 2002, when we adopted the franchise contract form described above as our network franchise agreement. The terms of these legacy franchise agreements are generally the same as our current network franchise agreements, except: the legacy franchise agreements generally require franchisees to pay us a royalty fee of 4% of all revenues earned directly or indirectly by the franchisee from any business conducted at or from the franchised premises, excluding fuel sales and sales at
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QSRs; and these legacy franchise agreements do not require franchisees to purchase their diesel fuel from us, but generally require a franchisee to pay us an additional royalty fee of $0.004 per gallon on sales of qualified diesel fuel at the franchised travel center. The average remaining term of these legacy agreements as of September 30, 2006, was approximately three years.
Network Lease Agreements
In addition to franchise fees, we also collect sublease rent from franchisees for the ten travel centers operated by franchisees that sublease travel centers from us. Each operator of a travel center that enters into a network lease agreement also must enter into a network franchise agreement. The material provisions of a network lease agreement include the following:
Operating Costs. The franchisee is responsible for the payment of all costs and expenses in connection with the operation of the leased travel centers, typically excluding certain environmental costs, certain maintenance costs and real property taxes.
Term of Agreement. The leases have an initial term of ten years and allow for two renewals of five years each. The remaining initial terms of the current network lease agreements end in 2012. The average remaining term of these agreements as of September 30, 2006, including all renewal periods, was 16 years.
Rent. Under the network lease, a franchisee must pay annual fixed rent equal to the sum of:
Use of the Leased Travel Center. The leased travel center must be operated as a travel center in compliance with all laws, including all environmental laws. The franchisee must submit to quality inspections that we request and appoint, subject to our approval, an employee as manager who is responsible for the day to day operations at the leased travel center.
Termination/Nonrenewal. The network lease agreements contain terms and provisions regarding termination and nonrenewal, which are substantially the same as the terms and provisions of the network franchise agreement. The network lease agreements are cross defaulted with the related network franchise agreements. In certain cases, we may reimburse the franchisee for a portion of the cost of certain capital improvements upon termination of the network lease.
Franchise Regulation
Some states require state registration and delivery of specified disclosure documentation to potential franchisees and impose special regulations on petroleum franchises. Some state laws also impose restrictions on our ability to terminate or not to renew franchises and impose other limitations on the terms of our franchise relationships or the conduct of the business of our franchisor subsidiary. A number of states include, within the scope of their petroleum franchising statutes, prohibitions against price discrimination and other allegedly anticompetitive conduct. These provisions supplement applicable federal and state antitrust laws. Federal Trade Commission regulations require that we make extensive disclosure to prospective franchisees. We believe that we are in compliance with all franchise laws applicable to our business.
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Competition
The travel center and truck stop industry is fragmented and highly competitive. We believe that there are in excess of 3,000 travel center and truck stops located on or near highways nationwide.
Fuel and non-fuel products and services can be obtained by long haul truck drivers from a variety of sources, including regional full service travel center and pumper only truck stop chains, independently owned and operated truck stops and some large service stations. In addition, some trucking companies operate their own terminals to provide fuel and services to their own trucking fleets.
There are generally two types of fueling stations designed to serve the trucking industry:
A pumper only chain may include a majority of travel centers which typically contain no, or only one or two QSRs, limited store facilities and no truck repair and maintenance facilities.
We believe that we experience substantial competition from pumper only truck stop chains and that this competition is based principally on diesel fuel prices.
We also experience substantial competition from regional and super-regional full service travel center networks, which is based principally on diesel fuel prices and non-fuel product and service offerings.
Our truck repair and maintenance facilities compete with regional full service travel center and truck stop chains, full service independently owned and operated truck stops, fleet maintenance terminals, independent garages, truck dealerships, truck quick lube facilities and other parts and service centers.
We also compete with other full service restaurants, QSRs, mass merchandisers, electronics stores, drugstores and travel and convenience stores.
Many truck fleets own their own fuel, repair and maintenance facilities. Although we believe the long term trend has been toward a reduction in these facilities in favor of obtaining fuel, repair and maintenance services from third parties like us, during the last few years of historically volatile fuel prices, this long term trend appears to have slowed.
An additional source of competition in the future could result from commercialization of state owned interstate highway rest areas. Some state governments have historically requested that the federal government allow these rest areas to offer fuel and non-fuel products and services similar to that of a travel center. If commercialized, these rest areas may materially increase the number of locations competing with us.
We believe we will be able to compete successfully for the following reasons:
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Management may provide us with additional experience and knowledge in real estate acquisitions, maintenance and development.
Although we believe our management team is highly talented, the members of our team do not have extensive experience working together. We expect we may expand our business with Hospitality Trust; however, Hospitality Trust is not obligated to provide us with opportunities to lease additional properties, and we may not be able to find other sources of capital sufficient to maintain and grow our travel center business. Also, some of our competitors have substantially more resources than we do; and some of our competitors have vertically integrated fuel businesses which may provide them competitive advantages. For all of these reasons and others, we can provide no assurance that we will be able to compete successfully.
Environmental Matters
Our operations and properties are extensively regulated by environmental laws under which we may be required to investigate and clean up hazardous substances, including petroleum products, released at a property, and may be held liable to a governmental entity or to third parties for property damage and personal injuries and for investigation and clean up costs incurred in connection with any contamination. These laws:
We use underground storage tanks and above ground storage tanks to store petroleum products and waste at our travel centers. We must comply with environmental laws regarding tank construction, integrity testing, leak detection and monitoring, overfill and spill control, release reporting and financial assurance for corrective action in case of a release. At some locations, we must also comply with environmental laws relating to vapor recovery and discharges to water.
From time to time our predecessor received notices of alleged violations of environmental laws or otherwise became aware of the need to undertake corrective actions to comply with environmental laws at its travel centers and regularly conducted investigatory and remedial actions with respect to releases of hazardous substances at the travel centers we will operate. We will be responsible for these matters after the spin off. In some cases we may receive contributions to partially offset our environmental costs from insurers, from state funds established for environmental clean up associated with the sale of petroleum products or from indemnitors who agreed to fund certain environmental related costs at travel centers purchased from such indemnitors.
In 2006 our predecessor commissioned a third party review of currently known environmental liabilities to confirm its estimates of the likely amounts of remediation costs at currently active sites and what our predecessor believed will be its share of those costs. As of September 30, 2006, our predecessor had a reserve of $11.8 million for unindemnified environmental matters for which we will be responsible, a receivable for estimated insurance recoveries of these estimated future expenditures of $4.9 million and $4.4 million of cash in an escrow account to fund certain of these estimated expenditures, leaving an estimated net amount of $2.5 million to be funded by us in the future. While we cannot precisely estimate the ultimate costs we will incur in connection with currently known or future potential environmental related violations, corrective actions, investigation and remediation,
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based on our current knowledge we do not expect that the costs to be incurred at our travel centers, individually or in the aggregate, will be material to our financial condition, results of operations or cash flow. However, we cannot be certain that we know of all existing contamination present in our travel center network, or that material liability will not be imposed on us in the future. If additional environmental problems arise or are discovered, or if additional environmental requirements are imposed by government agencies, increased environmental compliance or remediation expenditures may be required, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
We expect to continue our predecessor's program and personnel dedicated to monitoring our exposure to environmental liabilities. Also, we will succeed to insurance of up to $35 million for unanticipated costs regarding certain known environmental liabilities and of up to $40 million regarding certain unknown or future environmental liabilities subject to certain limitations and deductibles. However, we can provide no assurance that:
Under our lease, we have agreed to indemnify Hospitality Trust for any environmental liabilities related to travel centers which we lease and which arise during the term of the lease.
Employees
As of September 30, 2006, our predecessor employed approximately 11,900 people on a full time or part time basis. Of this total, approximately 11,450 were employed at travel centers we will operate, 400 performed managerial, operational or support services at TravelCenters of America, Inc.'s headquarters or elsewhere and 50 employees staffed the distribution center. Only 19 of the employees at two travel centers are covered by collective bargaining agreements. We believe that our predecessor's relations with its employees has been satisfactory and that we will be able to maintain such satisfactory relations.
Other Properties
Our principal executive offices are leased and are located at 24601 Center Ridge Road, Suite 200, Westlake, Ohio 44145-5639. Our distribution center is leased and is located at 1450 Gould Boulevard, LaVergne, Tennessee 37086-3535.
Our predecessor's network currently consists of 163 travel centers. Our predecessor operates 140 of these travel centers and our predecessor's franchisees operate 23 of these travel centers. Our predecessor is constructing two travel centers that are expected to be completed in 2007. Our predecessor has a parcel of land under agreement for acquisition on which we may decide to build an additional facility. Also, we expect to own one site that is closed and held for sale. We can provide no assurance that we will successfully complete the construction, acquisition or sale, as applicable, of any of these travel centers.
Legal Proceedings
On February 27, 2006, Flying J, Inc. and certain of its affiliates filed a lawsuit against a subsidiary of our predecessor and Pilot Travel Centers, LLC and certain of its affiliates in the U.S. District Court for the District of Utah. Flying J and Pilot are competitors of ours. Flying J also markets a fuel
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purchasing credit card to trucking companies. The Flying J lawsuit claims, in essence, that our predecessor's subsidiary and Pilot have refused to accept the Flying J fuel card, and that such refusal was the result of unlawful concerted action. Flying J is seeking, among other things, an injunction requiring our predecessor's subsidiary and Pilot to accept the Flying J fuel card and damages. We believe that there are substantial factual and legal defenses to Flying J's claims. This case is at an early stage and we cannot estimate our ultimate exposure to loss or liability, if any, related to this litigation.
On December 7, 2005, the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, seized approximately $5,325,000 from our predecessor's bank account pursuant to a seizure warrant alleging that these funds were proceeds of alleged illegal gambling operations conducted by a game vendor of our predecessor in space leased from our predecessor at three of our predecessor's travel centers in Maryland. The game vendor indemnified our predecessor as to the legality of the games at the time it leased the space to the vendor. A civil complaint for forfeiture was filed by the Maryland U.S. Attorney's Office, and our predecessor filed a statement of interest in the seized funds and an answer denying liability. Due to their loss of control over these funds, our predecessor expensed as an operating expense in December 2005 the full amount seized. In December 2006, our predecessor executed a settlement agreement with the IRS under which $1,262,000 of the seized funds will be returned to it and it forfeited all interest in the remaining seized funds without an admission of liability. The funds that will be returned will be recorded as income in a period subsequent to September 30, 2006. Our predecessor currently intends to pursue its rights under the indemnification from the game vendor, but it is uncertain whether our predecessor will be able to recover all or a portion of our predecessor's losses from the game vendor; accordingly, a receivable for any indemnification proceeds has not been recognized.
On November 3, 2006, Great American Insurance Company of New York and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation ("Novartis") filed a complaint against TA Operating Corporation, TravelCenters of America, Inc., Travel Centers Properties, LP and third party Prime, Inc. in connection with the alleged theft of a tractor trailer operated by Prime which contained certain of Novartis' pharmaceutical products. The alleged theft occurred at our predecessor's Bloomsbury, New Jersey travel center. Novartis seeks damages up to or exceeding $30,000,000 together with interests and costs, attorneys' fees and disbursements. On January 5, 2007, TravelCenters of America, Inc. answered Novartis's complaint and asserted a cross claim for contribution and indemnification against Prime. Our predecessor believes that there are substantial defenses to these claims and that this matter will be covered by one or more of its existing insurance policies.
On or about December 13, 2006, a class action lawsuit was filed against TravelCenters of America, Inc. and numerous other defendants in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. The class action plaintiffs brought this complaint "on behalf of persons who purchased motor fuel in the states of California, Arizona, Texas, Florida, North Carolina, New Jersey and Virginia when the motor fuel at the time of sale to plaintiffs or class members was greater than 60 degrees Fahrenheit." The complaint alleges that "the defendants delivered a smaller quantity of motor fuel to plaintiffs or class members than the amount for which defendants charged them because the defendants measured the amount of motor fuel they delivered in non-standard "gallons" which contained variable quantities of motor fuel depending on the temperature of the motor fuel." The complaint alleges that the amount in controversy exceeds the sum or value of $5 million exclusive of interest and costs. The complaint seeks, among other relief, an order requiring the defendants to install temperature correcting equipment on their retail motor fuel dispensing devices and to post conspicuous notice of the temperature at which their fuel is being sold, and an award of monetary damages and reasonable attorneys fees. We believe that there are substantial factual and legal defenses to this complaint. This case is at an early stage and we cannot estimate our ultimate exposure to loss or liability, if any, related to this litigation.
Our predecessor has been, and we expect to be, involved from time to time in various legal and administrative proceedings and threatened legal and administrative proceedings incidental to the
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ordinary course of our business. Except for the litigation described above, we believe that our predecessor and we are not now involved in any litigation which, individually or in the aggregate, could have a material adverse affect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Intellectual Property
Neither we nor our predecessor own any patents. We will have the right to use the name "TravelCenters of America" and other trademarks used by our predecessor which will be owned by Hospitality Trust, generally during the term of our lease with Hospitality Trust. We also license certain trademarks used in the operation of our QSRs, and licensed to us generally for periods of five to 20 years. We believe that these trademarks are important to our business, but, without exception, could be replaced with alternative marks without significant disruption in our business.
SELECTED HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Since our formation on October 10, 2006, and until the completion of the spin off, we have had and expect to have no operations, revenues, expenses, liabilities or assets except the nominal initial capitalization provided by Hospitality Trust.
TravelCenters of America, Inc. is considered to be our predecessor under applicable rules and regulations of the SEC. The Hospitality Trust acquisition, related restructuring and the spin off will cause our future assets, liabilities, financial position, results of operations and cash flows to be materially different than those of our predecessor. The most significant of these differences include the facts that TravelCenters of America, Inc.:
whereas we expect:
Among other things, these differences will cause us to incur substantial expenses which were not incurred by our predecessor, for example, rent payments to Hospitality Trust and costs associated with operating as a public company. For all of these reasons, the historical financial information of our predecessor is not indicative of our future financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
The following table presents selected historical financial information of our predecessor for each of the last five fiscal years and the nine month periods ended September 30, 2005 and 2006. The information set forth below with respect to fiscal years 2003, 2004 and 2005 was derived from, and should be read in conjunction with, the audited consolidated financial statements of our predecessor included elsewhere in this prospectus. The information set forth below with respect to the fiscal years 2002 and 2001 was derived from audited consolidated financial statements of our predecessor that are not included in this prospectus. The historical unaudited consolidated financial information for the nine months ended September 30, 2005, and 2006 was derived from, and should be read in conjunction with, the unaudited consolidated financial statements of our predecessor included elsewhere in this prospectus. The unaudited consolidated financial information reflects, in our predecessor's opinion, all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly the financial position and results of operations of our predecessor for the unaudited periods. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of operating results for the full years of
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which they are parts. The following information should also be read in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsHistorical Results of OperationsOur Predecessor" and our pro forma financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.
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PredecessorTravelCenters of America, Inc. |
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Year Ended December 31, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
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2001 |
2002(1) |
2003 |
2004(2)(3) |
2005(3)(4) |
2005(3)(4) |
2006(3) |
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(dollars in thousands) |
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| Income statement data: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 1,934,612 | $ | 1,870,870 | $ | 2,176,230 | $ | 2,677,864 | $ | 4,075,569 | $ | 2,929,975 | $ | 3,678,468 | ||||||||
| Income (loss) from continuing operations | (10,054 | ) | 1,271 | 9,144 | 14,862 | (2,095 | ) | 388 | 25,105 | |||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from continuing operations per share: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | (1.45 | ) | 0.18 | 1.32 | 2.14 | (0.30 | ) | 0.06 | 3.62 | |||||||||||||
| Diluted | (1.45 | ) | 0.18 | 1.26 | 2.04 | (0.30 | ) | 0.05 | 3.32 | |||||||||||||
| Balance sheet data, end of period: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | 679,940 | 660,767 | 650,567 | 897,729 | 939,704 | 953,282 | 1,003,707 | |||||||||||||||
| Long term obligations | 547,534 | 523,934 | 502,033 | 682,892 | 675,638 | 680,328 | 670,464 | |||||||||||||||
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Overview
We were formed in October 2006 as a Delaware limited liability company. We were formed as a 100% owned subsidiary of Hospitality Trust to succeed to the operating business of TravelCenters of America, Inc. which we refer to as our predecessor and which Hospitality Trust has agreed to acquire. We have operated as a shell company subsidiary of Hospitality Trust since our formation. As a result, our brief history is not comparable to operations which we expect to conduct.
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Because of the expected restructuring and spin off, the historical financial information of our predecessor is not indicative of our future financial position, results of operations or cash flows. You should read the following discussion in conjunction with our historical and pro forma financial statements and the financial statements of our predecessor included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Our revenues and income are subject to potentially material changes as a result of the market prices of diesel fuel and gasoline, as well as the availability of these products. These factors are subject to the worldwide crude oil supply chain, which historically has incurred shocks as a result of, among other things, severe weather, political crises, wars and other military actions and variations in demand, which are often the result of changes in the macroeconomic environment. Over the past few years we have experienced a significant increase in the cost of diesel fuel and gasoline as crude oil demand increased during the economic recovery in the United States and events such as Hurricane Katrina affected the supply system. These significant increases in our costs for these products can largely be passed on to our customers, but the volatility in the crude oil and refined products markets can result in shorter term negative effects on our profitability. We expect that the crude oil and refined product markets will continue to be volatile and that prices for these products will remain at these historically high levels for the foreseeable future. We do not expect that this price volatility will have a significant effect on our results in the foreseeable future. Likewise, while we at times experience short term product availability issues in limited areas of the country, we do not expect a material effect on our results of operations from these supply disruptions.
Historical Results of Operations for Our Predecessor
Same Site Results Comparisons
As part of the discussion and analysis of our predecessor's operating results we refer to increases and decreases in results on a same site basis. For purposes of these comparisons, a travel center is included in same site comparisons only for the period for which it was open for business under the same method of operation (company operated, franchisee leased and operated or franchisee owned and operated) in both years being compared. Travel centers are not excluded from the same site comparisons as a result of expansions in their square footage or in the services offered.
Relevance of Fuel Revenues
Due to market pricing of commodity fuel products and the pricing arrangements with fuel customers, fuel revenue is not a reliable metric for analyzing our predecessor's results from period to period. As a result solely of changes in crude oil and refined products market prices, our predecessor's fuel revenue may increase or decrease significantly, in both absolute amounts and on a percentage basis, without a comparable change in fuel sales volumes or in gross profit per gallon. We consider fuel volumes to be a better measure of comparative performance than fuel revenues.
Nine Months ended September 30, 2006, Compared to Nine Months ended September 30, 2005
Revenues. Our predecessor's revenues for the nine month period ended September 30, 2006, were $3,678.5 million, which represents an increase from the nine month period ended September 30, 2005, of $748.5 million, or 25.5%, that was primarily attributable to an increase in fuel revenue.
Fuel revenue for the nine month period ended September 30, 2006, increased by $715.3 million, or 31.2%, as compared to the same period in 2005. The increase was principally the result of increased average selling prices for both diesel fuel and gasoline, but also resulted from increases in sales volumes for both diesel fuel and gasoline. Average diesel fuel and gasoline sales prices for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, increased by 24.6% and 23.7%, respectively, as compared to the same period in 2005, reflecting increases in commodity prices that were attributable to higher crude oil costs, due to increased worldwide demand and political unrest in oil producing regions of the world.
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Diesel fuel and gasoline sales volumes for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, increased 5.4% and 4.7%, respectively, as compared to the same period in 2005. For the nine months ended September 30, 2006, our predecessor sold 1,234.8 million gallons of diesel fuel and 154.7 million gallons of gasoline, as compared to 1,171.0 million gallons of diesel fuel and 147.8 million gallons of gasoline for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. The diesel fuel sales volume increase of 63.7 million gallons resulted from a 9.2% increase in same site diesel fuel sales volumes and a net increase in sales volumes at company operated sites our predecessor added to or eliminated from its network during 2005 and 2006, somewhat offset by a 31.7 million gallon, or 35.7% decrease in wholesale diesel fuel sales volumes. The gasoline sales volume increase was primarily attributable to a 3.3% increase in same site gasoline sales volumes and a net increase in sales volumes at company operated travel centers our predecessor added to or eliminated from its network during 2005 and 2006, somewhat offset by a 3.3 million gallon, or 98.5% decrease in wholesale gasoline sales volumes that resulted from our predecessor's decision to be less active in wholesale gasoline sales. Our predecessor believes the same site fuel sales volume increase resulted from its competitive pricing strategies as well as its strong nonfuel products and services offerings. Our predecessor believes the decreases in wholesale sales volumes for both diesel and gasoline resulted from the sharp volatility in commodity prices during 2006 and the high level of commodity prices. Fuel revenues were 81.8% of our predecessor's total revenues for the nine month period ended September 30, 2006, as compared to 78.3% for the same period in 2005, principally as a result of higher fuel prices.
Non-fuel revenues for the nine month period ended September 30, 2006, of $660.7 million included an increase of $33.1 million, or 5.3%, as compared to the same period in 2005. The increase was the result of a 4.6% increase in same site non-fuel revenues and the increased sales at company operated travel centers added to our predecessor's network in 2005 and 2006. Our predecessor believes the same site increase reflected increased customer traffic resulting, in part, from the capital improvements that our predecessor made to its travel centers, from a slightly expanded freight market and also from its fuel marketing strategy. Non-fuel revenues were 18.0% of our predecessor's total revenues for the nine month period ended September 30, 2006, as compared to 21.4% for the same period in 2005, principally as a result of higher fuel prices.
Rent and royalty revenues for the nine month period ended September 30, 2006, were flat compared to the same period in 2005. This was attributable to the offsetting effects of rent and royalty revenue lost as a result of the conversions of two leased sites to company operated sites during 2005, the initial and continuing franchise fees related to three franchisee owned and operated sites added to the network in 2005 and 2006, and increases in both rent and royalty revenues on a same site basis. Royalty revenue increased 3.1% on a same site basis and there was a 3.7% increase in same site rent revenue.
Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation). Our cost of goods sold for the nine month period ended September 30, 2006, was $3,174.2 million, an increase of $708.4 million, or 28.7%, as compared to the same period in 2005 that was primarily attributable to an increase in fuel cost.
Fuel cost for the nine month period ended September 30, 2006, increased by $692.8 million, or 31.4%, as compared to the same period in 2005. The increase was attributable principally to increased market prices for our predecessor's purchases of diesel fuel and gasoline, but also resulted from the increases in sales volumes for both diesel fuel and gasoline as described above. Average diesel fuel and gasoline purchase prices for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, increased by 24.7% and 24.9%, respectively, as compared to the same period in 2005, reflecting increases in commodity prices that were attributable to higher crude oil costs due to increased worldwide demand and political unrest in oil producing regions of the world.
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Non-fuel cost of goods sold for the nine month period ended September 30, 2006, of $275.1 million included an increase of $15.6 million, or 6.0%, as compared to the same period in 2005. This increase was primarily attributable to the increased level of non-fuel sales described above.
Operating and selling, general and administrative expenses. Our predecessor's operating expenses included the direct expenses of company operated sites and the ownership costs of leased sites, and its selling, general and administrative expenses included corporate overhead and administrative costs. Our predecessor's operating expenses increased by $16.6 million, or 5.4%, to $325.1 million for the nine month period ended September 30, 2006, compared to $308.4 million for the same period in 2005. This increase resulted from a $19.7 million, or 6.5% increase on a same site basis and a net increase resulting from company operated travel centers added to or eliminated from our predecessor's network during 2005 and 2006. The same site increase was primarily related to the increased costs necessary to support the increased level of non-fuel sales and also reflected higher credit card transaction fees associated with increases in fuel and non-fuel revenues and an increase in energy costs. On a same site basis, operating expenses as a percentage of non-fuel revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 were 49.7%, compared to 48.8% for the same period in 2005, reflecting increased credit card transaction fees and utility costs. This increase was somewhat offset by a $4.4 million net reduction of operating expense recognized in June 2006 upon the settlement of certain claims as described below under the heading "Other income (expenses), net."
Our predecessor's selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine month period ended September 30, 2006, were $48.5 million, representing a $15.8 million, or 48.4% increase from the same period in 2005 that was primarily attributable to share based compensation expense. Share based compensation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, increased by $11.9 million over the same period of 2005. The remaining $3.9 million increase was primarily related to personnel cost increases. The increased level of share based compensation expense in 2006 as compared to 2005 resulted from the increase in the number of vested performance stock options in the 2006 period as compared to the 2005 period, as well as an increase in the estimated value of those options.
Depreciation and amortization expense. Depreciation and amortization expense for the nine month period ended September 30, 2006, was $52.1 million, as compared to $46.1 million for the same period in 2005, an increase of $6.0 million, or 13.1%. This increase resulted from our predecessor's investments in additional depreciable assets in 2006 and 2005.
Merger and refinancing expenses. During the nine months ended September 30, 2006, our predecessor recognized a charge of $4.8 million related to expenses incurred in marketing itself for sale, primarily costs related to debt financings that will not be pursued further.
Gain on asset sales. For the nine month period ended September 30, 2006, the gain on asset sales of $0.6 million primarily was generated from the sale of excess land, while the gain on asset sales of $0.2 million for the nine month period ended September 30, 2005 primarily was generated from the sale of one company operated travel center.
Income from operations. Our predecessor generated income from operations of $74.3 million for the nine month period ended September 30, 2006, compared to income from operations of $77.2 million for the same period in 2005. This decrease of $2.9 million, or 3.8%, as compared to the 2005 period was primarily the result of the $11.9 million increase in share based compensation expense in the 2006 period. The effect of increased share based compensation expense was somewhat offset by the $4.4 million expense reduction related to claims settlements and the increased gross profit that resulted from increased fuel and non-fuel sales volumes and fuel margins per gallon.
Other income (expense), net. In 2006 our predecessor reached settlements of two claims made in connection with transactions that occurred in 2000. Our predecessor incurred $1.2 million of expenses
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in the 2006 period prior to the settlement in pursuit of these claims. As a result of the settlements, which totalled $6.9 million, our predecessor recognized $5.6 million as a reduction of operating expenses because it represented the recovery of related expenses that had been incurred in 2006 and prior years. The remaining $1.3 million of the settlement amounts represented a gain on claim settlements and was recognized in non-operating income. During the nine months ended September 30, 2005, our predecessor incurred $39.4 million of expenses in connection with a refinancing and recognized a gain on sale of investment of $2.0 million in 2005. This gain was related to the 2004 sale of an equity investment and was recognized in 2005 when the last portion of sales proceeds was released from escrow as a result of the resolution of certain contingencies.
Interest and other financial costs, net. Interest and other financial costs, net, for the nine month period ended September 30, 2006, of $35.0 million decreased by $2.7 million, or 7.2%, compared to the same period in 2005. This decrease resulted from a reduction in our predecessor's weighted average effective borrowing rates as a result of its June 2005 refinancing.
Income taxes. Our predecessor's effective income tax rate for the nine month period ended September 30, 2005, was not meaningful, primarily due to the effect of expenses related to the 2005 refinancing transactions. Our predecessor's effective income tax rate for the nine month period ended September 30, 2006, was 38.1% and, excluding the impact of the expenses related to the refinancing transactions, would have been 39.1% for the same period in 2005. These rates differed from the federal statutory rate due primarily to state income taxes partially offset by the benefit of certain tax credits. The difference in these effective tax rates between the 2006 period and the 2005 period was primarily the result of changes in effective state tax rates.
Year ended December 31, 2005 Compared to Year ended December 31, 2004
Revenues. Our predecessor's revenues for 2005 were $4,075.3 million, which represented an increase from 2004 of $1,397.4 million, or 52.2%, that was the result of increases in both fuel revenue and non-fuel revenues. The fuel and non-fuel revenue increases are in part the result of the addition of eleven travel centers acquired in December 2004 and in part the result of factors described below.
Fuel revenue for 2005 increased by $1,272.6 million, or 65.0%, as compared to 2004. The increase was principally from increased average selling prices for both diesel fuel and gasoline. These prices increased by 43.7% and 28.2%, respectively, as compared to 2004, reflecting increases in commodity prices resulting from higher crude oil costs due to increased worldwide demand, refinery outages and other refined petroleum product supply disruptions, including the effects of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in late 2005. Diesel fuel and gasoline sales volumes for 2005 increased 17.7% and 7.1%, respectively, as compared to 2004. In 2005, our predecessor sold 1,575.5 million gallons of diesel fuel and 195.9 million gallons of gasoline, as compared to 1,338.0 million gallons of diesel fuel and 182.9 million gallons of gasoline sold in 2004. The diesel fuel sales volume increase of 237.4 million gallons primarily resulted from a 115.4 million gallon net increase in sales volume at travel centers that our predecessor added to or eliminated from its network during 2004 and 2005, and a 9.3% increase in same site diesel fuel sales volumes. Our predecessor also increased sales volume of wholesale diesel fuel in 2005 by 18.8 million gallons, or 20.6%, over the 2004 level. The gasoline sales volume increase of 13.0 million gallons, or 7.1%, was primarily attributable to a 14.8 million gallon net increase in sales volumes at company operated travel centers our predecessor added to or eliminated from its network during 2004 and 2005, and a 0.2% increase in same site gasoline sales volumes, partially offset by a 2.4 million gallon decrease in wholesale gasoline sales volumes. Our predecessor believes the same site diesel fuel sales volume increase resulted from an expanded freight market in 2005 and our predecessor's competitive fuel marketing strategies, somewhat offset by an increase in the level of freight carried by train instead of truck and an increase in trucking fleets' self fueling at their own terminals due to wide fluctuations in, and high levels of, diesel prices in 2005. Our predecessor believes the same site increase in gasoline sales volume resulted primarily from increased motorist visits to our
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travel centers as a result of our predecessor's more aggressive retail gasoline pricing program as well as site improvements made as part of our predecessor's capital investment program, partially offset by the negative effects on motorist purchases of the high prices and the supply disruptions caused by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in late 2005. Our predecessor believes the decreases in wholesale sales volumes for both diesel and gasoline resulted from the volatility in commodity prices during 2005, coupled with the high level of commodity prices and our predecessor's decision to be less active in wholesale gasoline sales. Fuel revenues were 79.3% of our predecessor's total revenues for 2005 as compared to 73.2% for 2004, principally as a result of higher fuel prices.
Non-fuel revenues for 2005 of $833.5 million reflected an increase of $125.5 million, or 17.7%, as compared to 2004. The increase was primarily attributable to the $73.3 million net increase in sales at the company operated travel centers our predecessor added to or eliminated from its network during 2004 and 2005 and also was attributable to a 7.3% increase in same site non-fuel revenues. Our predecessor believes the same site increases reflected increased customer traffic resulting, in part, from the capital improvements that our predecessor made to upgrade its travel centers, from an expanded freight market and from our predecessor's competitive fuel marketing strategies. Non-fuel revenues were 20.5% of our predecessor's total revenues for 2005 as compared to 26.4% for 2004, principally as a result of higher fuel prices.
Rent and royalty revenues for 2005 decreased $0.7 million, or 6.8%, as compared to 2004, attributable to the rent and royalty revenue lost as a result of the conversions of four leased travel centers to company operated travel centers during 2004 and 2005. This decrease was partially offset by a 5.3% increase in same site royalty revenue and a 3.6% increase in same site rent revenue.
Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation). Our cost of goods sold for 2005 were $3,450.8 million, which represents an increase from 2004 of $1,303.8 million, or 60.7%, that was primarily attributable to an increase in fuel cost.
Fuel cost for 2005 increased by $1,245.4 million, or 67.1%, as compared to 2004. The increase was attributable principally to increased market prices for our predecessor's purchases of diesel fuel and gasoline, but also resulted from the increases in sales volumes for both diesel fuel and gasoline that were described above. Average diesel fuel and gasoline purchase prices for 2005 increased by 45.6% and 29.3%, respectively, as compared to 2004, reflecting increases in commodity prices that were attributable to higher crude oil costs due to increased worldwide demand and political unrest in oil producing regions of the world.
Non-fuel cost of goods sold for 2005 of $348.3 million included an increase of $58.4 million, or 20.1%, as compared to 2004. This increase is primarily attributable to the increased level of non-fuel sales described above.
Operating and selling, general and administrative expenses. Our predecessor's operating expenses included the direct expenses of company operated sites and the ownership costs of leased sites, and its selling, general and administrative expenses included corporate overhead and administrative costs. Our predecessor's operating expenses increased by $58.2 million, or 16.1%, to $420.4 million for 2005 compared to $362.2 million for 2004. This increase was primarily attributable to a net increase resulting from travel centers that our predecessor added to or eliminated from its network during 2004 and 2005, and a 4.0% increase on a same site basis. The increase was also due in part to a $5.3 million charge our predecessor recorded in 2005 in connection with a seizure of funds by the government in a legal dispute concerning revenues we received from a vendor of ours operating certain video games alleged by the government to be illegal gambling devices.
Our predecessor's selling, general and administrative expenses for 2005 were $53.1 million, which reflected a $9.9 million, or 22.9%, increase from 2004 that was primarily attributable to stock compensation costs. Stock compensation expense for 2005 was $8.9 million, primarily related to the
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vesting of performance stock options. Stock compensation expense for 2004 was $0.1 million. The remaining $1.0 million increase was primarily due to increased personnel costs, partially resulting from the addition of sites in late 2004.
Depreciation and amortization expense. Depreciation and amortization expense for 2005 was $65.0 million, compared to $58.8 million for 2004, an increase of $6.2 million, or 10.6%, that was primarily due to travel centers acquired in 2004, as well as other capital additions purchased in 2004 and 2005.
(Gain) loss on asset sales. For 2005, gain on asset sales of $0.2 million arose primarily from the sale of a travel center and excess land, while gain on asset sales of $2.5 million for 2004 was generated primarily from the sale of two company operated travel centers, one closed travel center and our predecessor's fractional shares of three aircraft.
Income from operations. Our predecessor generated income from operations of $86.3 million for 2005, compared to income from operations of $69.3 million for 2004. This increase of $17.0 million, or 24.6%, as compared to 2004 was primarily attributable to the increased level of gross margin which was partially offset by the increased level of expenses, especially stock compensation expense and the write off related to funds seized by the government as described above.
Other income (expense), net. Until April 2004, our predecessor owned 21.5% of an equity investee and recognized $0.2 million in 2004 as its equity share of the investee's earnings. There were no such investees in 2005. Our predecessor's gain on sale of investment of $2.0 million for 2005 resulted from the 2004 sale of an equity investment. During 2004, a gain of $1.6 million was recognized when the transaction closed, and an additional gain was recognized in 2005 when the last portion of sales proceeds was released from escrow as a result of the resolution of certain contingencies. For 2005, our predecessor recognized $39.6 million of debt extinguishment and refinancing expenses in connection with refinancing transactions in that year. For 2004, our predecessor recognized $1.7 million of debt extinguishment and refinancing expenses in connection with 2004 refinancing transactions.
Interest and other financial costs, net. Interest and other financial costs, net, for 2005 increased by $2.5 million, or 5.3%, compared to 2004. This increase primarily resulted from the increased level of interest rates in 2005 as compared to 2004.
Income taxes. Our predecessor's effective income tax rate for 2005 was not meaningful, primarily due to the nondeductibility of certain expenses for tax purposes (principally those related to the $5.3 million charge related to funds seized by the government). Excluding the impact of the $5.3 million charge, our predecessor's effective income tax rate for 2005 would have been 41.7% and was 36.3% for 2004. These rates differed from the federal statutory rate due primarily to state and foreign income taxes partially offset by the benefit of certain tax credits. The difference in these effective tax rates between 2005 and 2004 was primarily the result of changes in effective state tax rates.
Year ended December 31, 2004 Compared to Year ended December 31, 2003
Revenues. Our predecessor's revenues for 2004 were $2,677.9 million, which represents an increase from 2003 of $501.6 million, or 23.1%, that was primarily attributable to an increase in fuel revenues but also resulted from increased non-fuel revenues.
Fuel revenues for 2004 increased by $445.6 million, or 29.4%, as compared to 2003. The increase was attributable principally to increased average selling prices for both diesel fuel and gasoline for 2004 which increased by 31.1% and 26.4%, respectively, as compared to 2003, reflecting increases in commodity prices due to increased worldwide demand, refinery outages and other supply disruptions. These price increases were somewhat offset by decreases in diesel fuel and gasoline sales volumes
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which for 2004 decreased 0.2% and 4.3%, respectively, as compared to 2003. For 2004, our predecessor sold 1,338.0 million gallons of diesel fuel and 182.9 million gallons of gasoline, as compared to 1,341.1 million gallons of diesel fuel and 191.1 million gallons of gasoline for 2003. The diesel fuel sales volume decrease of 3.1 million gallons primarily resulted from a 9.9 million gallon, or 9.7%, decrease in wholesale diesel fuel sales volume that was partially offset by a 0.6% increase in same site diesel fuel sales volumes and a net increase in sales volumes at travel centers our predecessor added to or eliminated from its network during 2003 and 2004. The gasoline sales volume decrease of 8.2 million gallons was primarily attributable to a 16.9 million gallon, or 74.7%, decrease in wholesale gasoline sales volumes that was partially offset by a 2.0% increase in same site gasoline sales volumes and a net increase in gasoline volumes at company operated travel centers our predecessor added to or eliminated from its network during 2003 and 2004. Our predecessor believes the same site diesel fuel sales volume increase resulted from an expanded freight market in 2004 and our predecessor's retail diesel fuel pricing strategies, which factors were somewhat offset by an increase in the level of freight carried by train instead of truck and an increase in trucking fleets self fueling at their own terminals due to the wide fluctuations in, and high levels of, diesel prices in 2004. Our predecessor believes the same site increase in gasoline sales volume resulted primarily from increased motorist visits to our predecessor's travel centers as a result of our predecessor's competitive retail gasoline pricing strategies as well as site improvements made as part of our predecessor's capital investment program. Our predecessor believes the decreases in wholesale sales volumes for both diesel and gasoline result from the sharp volatility in commodity prices during 2004 coupled with the high level of commodity prices. Fuel revenues were 73.2% of our predecessor's total revenues for 2004 as compared to 69.5% for 2003, principally as a result of higher fuel prices.
Non-fuel revenues for 2004 of $708.0 million reflected an increase of $58.5 million, or 9.0%, as compared to 2003. The increase was primarily attributable to a 6.0% increase in same site non-fuel revenues and also to the net increase in sales at the company operated travel centers our predecessor added to or eliminated from its network during 2003 and 2004. Our predecessor believes the same site increase reflected increased customer traffic resulting, in part, from the capital improvements that our predecessor has made, from an expanded freight market and also from our predecessor's fuel pricing strategies. Non-fuel revenues were 26.4% of our predecessor's total revenues for 2004 as compared to 29.9% for 2003, principally as a result of higher fuel prices.
Rent and royalty revenues for 2004 declined $2.4 million, or 18.4%, compared to 2003, reflecting rents and royalties lost as a result of the conversions of eight leased travel centers to company operated travel centers during 2003 and 2004. This decrease was partially offset by a 3.5% increase in same site royalty revenue and a 3.9% increase in same site rent revenue.
Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation). The cost of goods sold for 2004 were $2,147.0 million, which represents an increase from 2003 of $472.3 million, or 28.2%, that was primarily attributable to an increase in fuel cost.
Fuel cost for 2004 increased by $448.4 million, or 31.8%, as compared to 2003. The increase was attributable to increased market prices for diesel fuel and gasoline, somewhat offset by the decreases in sales volumes for both diesel fuel and gasoline as described above. Average diesel fuel and gasoline purchase prices for 2004 increased by 33.7% and 28.2%, respectively, as compared to 2003, reflecting increases in commodity prices due to increased worldwide demand and political unrest in oil producing regions of the world.
Non-fuel cost of goods sold for 2004 of $289.9 million included an increase of $23.8 million, or 9.0%, as compared to 2003. This increase is primarily attributable to the increased level of non-fuel sales described above.
Operating and selling, general and administrative expenses. Our predecessor's operating expenses included the direct expenses of company operated sites and the ownership costs of leased sites, and its
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selling, general and administrative expenses included corporate overhead and administrative costs. Our predecessor's operating expenses increased by $19.5 million, or 5.7%, to $361.5 million for 2004 compared to $342.0 million for 2003. This increase was primarily attributable to a net increase from travel centers our predecessor added to or eliminated from its network during 2003 and 2004 and a 3.5% increase on a same site basis.
Our predecessor's selling, general and administrative expenses for 2004 were $43.2 million, which reflected a $2.6 million, or 6.5%, increase from 2003 that was primarily attributable to personnel costs.
Depreciation and amortization expense. Depreciation and amortization expense for 2004 was $58.8 million, compared to $60.4 million for 2003, a decrease of $1.6 million, or 2.7%, that was primarily due to an impairment charge of $0.9 million recognized in 2003 and a $0.5 million decrease in amortization expense that resulted from an intangible asset becoming fully amortized during 2003.
(Gain) loss on asset sales. For 2004, the gain on asset sales of $2.5 million was generated primarily from the sale of two travel centers, one closed travel center and our predecessor's fractional shares of three aircraft, while the gain on asset sales of $1.5 million for 2003 was generated primarily from the sale of three travel centers.
Income from operations. Our predecessor generated income from operations of $69.3 million for 2004, compared to income from operations of $60.0 million for 2003. This increase of $9.3 million, or 15.5%, as compared to the 2003 period was primarily attributable to the increased level of non-fuel revenues at a modestly improved gross margin, which was partially offset by the decreased level of fuel sales volumes and fuel margins per gallon.
Other income (expense), net. The gain on sale of investment of $1.6 million in 2004 resulted from the sale of an equity investment for cash proceeds of $9.1 million.
Interest and other financial costs, net. Interest and other financial costs, net, for 2004, decreased by $0.9 million, or 1.9%, compared to 2003. This decrease primarily resulted from lower interest expense related to lower average borrowings outstanding, somewhat offset by a $1.7 million expense incurred in connection with a 2004 refinancing.
Income taxes. Our predecessor's effective income tax rates for 2004 and 2003 were 36.3% and 34.0%, respectively. These rates differed from the federal statutory rate due primarily to state and foreign income taxes and certain nondeductible expenses, partially offset by the benefit of certain tax credits.
Cumulative Effect of a Change in Accounting Principle. Effective January 1, 2003, our predecessor adopted FAS 143, "Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations" and recognized a one time cumulative charge of $0.3 million. There was no similar accounting principle change during 2004.
Critical Accounting Policies of Our Predecessor
The preparation of our predecessor's financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. required our predecessor to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The critical accounting policies employed by our predecessor in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements are those which involve allowances for doubtful accounts and notes receivable, asset impairment, reserves for self insurance, environmental liabilities, income tax accounting and recognition of stock compensation expense.
Our predecessor maintained its allowances for doubtful accounts and notes receivable based on historical payment patterns, aging of accounts receivable, periodic review of customers' financial
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condition, and actual write off history. If the financial condition of customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required.
Our predecessor's accounting policies required recording impairment losses on long lived assets to reduce the carrying value of certain assets to their fair value. This could occur under our predecessor's policies in two types of cases: (1) when assets were used in operations, events and circumstances indicated that the assets might be impaired and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets were less than the carrying value of those assets; and (2) when assets were to be disposed of and their carrying value exceeded the estimated fair value of the asset less the estimated cost to sell the asset. Estimated cash flows were based on historical results adjusted to reflect the best estimate of future market and operating conditions. The estimates of fair value represent the best estimate based on industry trends and reference to market rates and transactions.
Our predecessor assessed goodwill for impairment; for these purposes, our predecessor determined that it was one reporting unit and that the estimated fair value of that reporting unit, based on a discounted cash flow analysis, exceeded its carrying value. With respect to trademark intangible assets, the estimated fair value, based on a discounted cash flow analysis, exceeded the carrying value. Our predecessor has not recognized an impairment charge with respect to any of its intangible assets. A number of assumptions and methods are used in preparing the valuations underlying these impairment tests, including estimates of future cash flows and discount rates. Applying significantly different assumptions or valuation methods could result in different results of these impairment tests. Similarly, defining the reporting unit differently could lead to a different result for goodwill. The goodwill and trademark intangible assets were assessed for impairment annually as of January 1 of each year.
Our predecessor was partially self insured with respect to general liability, workers' compensation, auto and group health benefits claims up to certain stop loss amounts ranging from $100,000 to $500,000. Provisions established under these partial self insurance programs were made for both estimated losses on known claims and claims incurred but not reported, based on claims history. The most significant risk of this methodology is its dependence on claims history, which is not always indicative of future claims. To the extent an estimate is inaccurate, expenses and net income will be understated or overstated. Although some variation to actual results occurs, historically such variability has not been material. For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, our predecessor's aggregate provisions amounted to $23.1 million, $25.3 million, and $25.8 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, our predecessor paid $25.9 million, $23.9 million and $25.4 million, respectively, on claims related to these partial self insurance programs. At December 31, 2004 and 2005, our predecessor's aggregated liability related to these partial self insurance programs was $11.8 million and $12.2 million, respectively, which our predecessor believed was adequate to cover both reported and incurred but not reported claims.
Our predecessor established or adjusted environmental contingency reserves when the responsibility to remediate became probable and the amount of associated costs was reasonably determinable.
As part of the process of preparing its consolidated financial statements, our predecessor was required to estimate income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which it operated. The process involved estimating actual current tax expense along with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for financial statement and tax purposes. These timing differences resulted in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which were included in our predecessor's consolidated balance sheet. Our predecessor was required to record a valuation allowance to reduce its deferred tax assets if it was not able to conclude that it was more likely than not these assets would be realized.
Any or all of these policies, applied in the future with the benefit of additional facts or better estimates which were not known or available at the time the various required evaluations were made,
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could result in revisions to estimated liabilities, adjustments to reduce assets to their fair value or recognition of expenses.
We expect that most of the policies described above will be critical accounting policies of ours.
Our predecessor was also reliant upon other accounting policies which it considered critical, but which we believe are unlikely to have continuing importance to us, including policies regarding accounting for agreements under which certain members of our predecessor's management purchased shares of our predecessor's stock which is subject to redemption under certain conditions and for options to purchase our predecessor's stock which were granted to certain members of our predecessor's management. Each of these accounting policies was complicated by the fact that our predecessor's stock is privately held, subjecting the related accounting to subjective estimates which may not have a direct relationship to our predecessor's financial results or condition.
Change in Accounting Principle
Effective January 1, 2006, our predecessor adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (FAS) No. 123(R), "Share based Payments" (FAS 123R), which replaced FAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock based Compensation," and superseded Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25 (APB 25), "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees." FAS 123R requires compensation cost relating to share based payment transactions be recognized in the financial statements. Our predecessor adopted FAS 123R using the prospective approach; accordingly, prior periods were not restated. There was no effect on our predecessor's balance sheet or results of operations as a result of the adoption of FAS 123R. Prior to January 1, 2006, our predecessor measured compensation costs related to share based payments under APB 25, as permitted by FAS 123, and provided pro forma disclosure in the notes to financial statements as required by FAS 123 and FAS 148. FAS 123R does not allow the pro forma disclosure previously permitted by FAS 123.
Under APB 25, our predecessor accounted for employee share options using the intrinsic value method of accounting. For share options that vested based on the passage of time, no share based compensation cost was reflected in our predecessor's consolidated statements of operations because for all of such options the exercise price equaled the estimated market value of the underlying share on the date of grant. For share options that vested based on attaining specified financial return performance targets, no share based compensation cost was reflected in our predecessor's consolidated statements of operations until such time as attaining of the targets was determined to be probable, which was not the case for the options granted under the 2001 stock plan until the fourth quarter of 2005. Our predecessor has not granted options since the adoption of FAS 123R, but in April 2006 modified certain outstanding options and, accordingly, began accounting for these modified options as proscribed by FAS 123R. As a result, our predecessor has recognized share based compensation expense with respect to these modified stock options in the financial statements for the nine month period ended September 30, 2006.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
FIN 48. In June 2006 the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48, "Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes" (FIN 48). FIN 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Under this guidance, a benefit can be recognized with respect to a tax position only if it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination. In such cases, the tax position is to be measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We are in the process of evaluating what, if any, effect adoption of FIN 48 will have on our financial
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statements, but do not expect that the effect will be material to its financial position, results of operations or cash flows when FIN 48 is adopted effective January 1, 2007.
FAS 157. In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, "Fair Value Measurements" (FAS 157). FAS 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. FAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements, but does not require any new fair value measurements. We are in the process of evaluating what, if any, effect adoption of FAS 157 will have on our financial statements when FAS 157 is adopted effective January 1, 2008.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our predecessor's historical cash flows are not indicative of what we anticipate our future cash flows will be. On a historical basis our predecessor's expenditures, including those for debt service, capital expenditures and working capital, were provided by its operating cash flow as supplemented from time to time by borrowings under its revolving credit facility. As a result of the restructuring and spin off, our principal liquidity requirements will be to meet our operating expenses, including rent to Hospitality Trust, our capital expenditures and our working capital requirements.
Our sources of liquidity to meet these requirements will be our operating cash flow, our cash balance and our ability to draw improvement funding under the terms of our lease with Hospitality Trust.
The primary risks we face with respect to our operating cash flow include decreased demand for our products and services, including that which may be caused by the volatility of prices of petroleum based products. A reduction of our revenue without an offsetting reduction in our operating expenses may cause us to use our cash at a rate which we cannot sustain for extended periods. Also, a significant increase in the prices we must pay to obtain fuel may increase our cash requirements for working capital.
We anticipate that we will be able to fund our working capital needs and capital expenditures in the short term with funds generated by our operations and from our ability to draw improvement funding under the terms of our lease with Hospitality Trust. We also expect that funds generated by our operations and from our ability to draw improvement funding under the terms of our lease with Hospitality Trust will be sufficient to fund our longer term liquidity requirements, and that we will supplement these sources, as necessary, to fund other capital projects, including our development activities, with our cash balances.
Over the longer term, we may seek to sell and lease back travel centers that we own, develop or acquire. Also, soon after the spin off, we expect to seek a revolving credit facility secured by some or all of our inventory and accounts receivable to supplement our sources of liquidity. Based upon current market conditions, we believe that such a credit facility may be available to us, but we have not yet engaged any bank or other party in negotiations and do not expect to do so until after the spin off.
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Summary of Pro Forma Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments
The following table summarizes our September 30, 2006, pro forma expected obligations to make future required payments under various agreements.
| |
Payments due by period |
||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Total |
2006(1) |
2007-2008 |
2009-2010 |
Thereafter |
||||||||||
| |
(In Millions of Dollars) |
||||||||||||||
| Long term debt(2) | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | |||||
| Lease with Hospitality Trust | 2,731.5 | 38.4 | 312.4 | 328.3 | 2,052.4 | ||||||||||
| Other operating leases | 118.2 | 3.4 | 23.4 | 18.5 | 72.9 | ||||||||||
| Total contractual obligations | $ | 2,849.7 | $ | 41.8 | $ | 335.8 | $ | 346.8 | $ | 2,125.3 | |||||
Our predecessor's $21.6 million of letters of credit were its primary outstanding trade commitments as of September 30, 2006. Until we have established a credit facility as described above, we expect to secure these letters of credit with cash. Our predecessor also had as of September 30, 2006, commitments to purchase a parcel of land for $0.6 million and a commitment to purchase a travel center for $4.0 million; such travel center was purchased in November 2006.
Seasonality
We believe our business is modestly seasonal. Our revenues during a year are often lowest in the first quarter when movement of freight by professional truck drivers and motorist travel are historically at their lowest levels. Our revenues in the fourth quarter of a year are often somewhat lower than those of the second and third quarters because, while the fourth quarter is often positively impacted by increased movement of freight in preparation for various national holidays, that positive impact is often more than offset by a reduction in freight movement caused by vacation time associated with those holidays taken by professional truck drivers.
Inflation and Deflation
Inflation in the past several years in the U.S. has been modest. Future inflation might have both positive or negative impacts on our business. Rising price levels may allow us to increase revenues, but may also impact our operating costs. Our revenues may change by either more or less than the rate of change in our expenses. Because a large component of our expenses will consist of fixed rental obligations to Hospitality Trust, we may not be able to fully capitalize on declines in general price levels or deflation.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We have no obligations for funded debt and presently are not directly affected by changes in market interest rates. However, we may seek to obtain a line of credit secured by some or all of our receivables and inventory. We expect that such a line of credit would bear interest for funded amounts at floating rates. We may from time to time consider our exposure to interest rate risks if we have or expect to have material amounts of floating rate obligations, and we may decide to purchase interest rate caps or other hedging instruments.
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As discussed above, our predecessor has been historically exposed to market risks arising from market price changes for fuel. These risks have historically resulted from changes in available supplies of fuel. Some of these changes may arise from local conditions, such as a malfunction in a particular pipeline or at a particular terminal. However, most of these risks arise from national or international conditions, such as weather related shut downs of oil drilling or refining capacities, political instability in oil producing regions of the world or terrorism. Almost all of these risks are beyond our control.
Historically, our predecessor has attempted to mitigate its exposure to fuel price market risks in four ways which we expect to continue. First, we expect to enter supply contracts for diesel fuel with several different suppliers for each of our travel centers; if one supplier has a local problem we may be able to obtain fuel supplies from other suppliers. Second, we expect to maintain modest fuel inventories, generally about three days of fuel sales; modest inventories may mitigate the risk that we sell fuel for less than its cost in the event of rapid price declines. Third, we expect to sell a majority of our diesel fuel at contracted prices determined as cents per gallon above a benchmark which is reflective of the market costs for fuel; by selling on such terms we may be able to maintain our margin per gallon despite changes in the price we pay for fuel. Finally, we may from time to time purchase or sell futures contracts for fuel.
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of September 30, 2006, our predecessor did not have any off balance sheet arrangements, and we have no present intention to enter any such arrangements.
The following table lists the names, ages and positions of the persons who will be our directors upon completion of the spin off, Mr. Hoadley, who will be our Executive Vice President and Treasurer upon completion of the spin off and our predecessor's executive officers as of December 1, 2006:
| Name |
Age |
Position |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barry M. Portnoy | 61 | Managing Director (term will expire in 2008) | ||
| Thomas M. O'Brien | 40 | Managing Director (term will expire in 2009) | ||
| Arthur G. Koumantzelis | 76 | Independent Director (term will expire in 2008) | ||
| Barbara D. Gilmore | 56 | Independent Director (term will expire in 2009) | ||
| Patrick F. Donelan | 64 | Independent Director (term will expire in 2010) | ||
| Timothy L. Doane | 49 | President and Chief Executive Officer | ||
| James W. George | 55 | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | ||
| John R. Hoadley | 35 | Executive Vice President and Treasurer | ||
| Larry W. Dockray | 55 | Executive Vice President of Operations | ||
| Peter P. Greene | 42 | Executive Vice President of Real Estate Acquisitions and Development | ||
| Michael J. Lombardi | 55 | Executive Vice President of Sales | ||
| Joseph A. Szima | 54 | Executive Vice President of Marketing | ||
| Ara A. Bagdasarian | 51 | Senior Vice President of Shop Marketing | ||
| Steven C. Lee | 43 | Senior Vice President and General Counsel | ||
| Andrew J. Rebholz | 41 | Senior Vice President and Controller |
Directors
Our board of directors will consist of five members and will be divided into three classes, with each class serving for a staggered three year term. At each annual meeting of our shareholders, a class of directors will be elected for a three year term to succeed the directors of the same class whose terms
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are then expiring. There are no voting agreements or other contractual arrangements relating to the election of the members of our board.
Our LLC agreement categorizes our board of directors into "Managing Directors" who are active in our day to day business and "Independent Directors" who are independent of our management as independence is defined in our LLC agreement and the applicable rules of the principal stock exchange on which our securities are listed. Our LLC agreement requires that a majority of our board of directors shall be independent directors.
Managing Directors
Barry M. Portnoy has been one of the managing trustees or directors of Hospitality Trust, HRPT Properties Trust, or HRPT Properties, Senior Housing Properties Trust, or Senior Housing, and Five Star Quality Care, Inc., or Five Star, since each began business in 1995, 1986, 1999 and 2001, respectively. Mr. Portnoy has been a director and owner of RMR Advisors, Inc. and a trustee of each of the funds it manages since their founding beginning in 2003, including RMR Real Estate Fund, RMR Hospitality and Real Estate Fund, RMR F.I.R.E. Fund, RMR Preferred Dividend Fund and RMR Asia Pacific Real Estate Fund, collectively the RMR Funds. Mr. Portnoy has been a director and owner of Reit Management since it began business in 1986. From 1978 through March 1997, Mr. Portnoy was a partner of the law firm of Sullivan & Worcester LLP, our counsel, and he was chairman of that firm from 1994 through March 1997. Mr. Portnoy is a Group I director and will serve until our 2008 annual meeting of shareholders.
Thomas M. O'Brien has been Senior Vice President of Reit Management since 2006 and was Vice President of Reit Management prior to that time since 1996. Mr. O'Brien has been the President and a Director of RMR Advisors, Inc. and President and Chief Executive Officer of each of the RMR Funds since their founding beginning in 2003. From 2002 through 2003, Mr. O'Brien served as Executive Vice President of Hospitality Trust, where he had previously served as Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer since 1996. Prior to 1996 Mr. O'Brien was a senior manager with Arthur Andersen LLP. Mr. O'Brien is a Group II director and will serve until our 2009 annual meeting of shareholders.
Independent Directors
The following individuals have been appointed to our board of directors as Independent Directors:
Arthur G. Koumantzelis has been the President and Chief Executive Officer of Gainesborough Investments LLC, a private investment company, since 1998. Mr. Koumantzelis has also been a director of Five Star since 2001. Mr. Koumantzelis was a trustee of Hospitality Trust from 1995 until his resignation in January 2007 in preparation for the completion of our spin off. Mr. Koumantzelis has been a trustee of each of the funds managed by RMR Advisors, Inc. since their founding. Mr. Koumantzelis was a trustee of Senior Housing from 1999 until his resignation in October 2003. Mr. Koumantzelis has other business interests. Mr. Koumantzelis was formerly the chief financial officer of Cumberland Farms, Inc., a company engaged in the convenience store business and the sale of petroleum products principally under the name "Gulf Oil" and related trademarks. Mr. Koumantzelis is a Group I director and will serve until our 2008 annual meeting of shareholders.
Barbara D. Gilmore has served as a clerk to Judge Joel B. Rosenthal of the United States Bankruptcy Court, Western Division of the District of Massachusetts, since 2001. Ms. Gilmore was a partner of the law firm of Sullivan & Worcester LLP from 1993 to 2000. Ms. Gilmore has been a director of Five Star since 2004. Ms. Gilmore is a Group II director and will serve until our 2009 annual meeting of shareholders.
Patrick F. Donelan has been principally employed as a private investor since December 2003. Mr. Donelan has been a trustee of HRPT Properties since 1998. Mr. Donelan was the Non-Executive
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Chairman and member of the advisory board until 2003, and was Chief Executive Officer through 2002, of eSecLending (Europe) Ltd, a London based privately owned company in the business of managing securities lending programs for institutional owners of publicly owned securities. Prior to its acquisition by Dresdner Bank in 1995, Mr. Donelan was Chairman of Kleinwort Benson (North America) Inc., the U.S. based subsidiary of Kleinwort Benson Limited, a United Kingdom based bank. At the time of his retirement in 2001, Mr. Donelan was a Managing Director at Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein, the U.K. based investment banking subsidiary of Dresdner Bank of Germany. Mr. Donelan is a Group III director and will serve until our 2010 annual meeting of shareholders.
Executive Officers
John R. Hoadley and our predecessor's officers listed below have been appointed as our officers, subject to the completion of our spin off. Including our predecessor's five most highly compensated executives, these individuals are described below:
Timothy L. Doane will be our President and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Doane has served TravelCenters of America, Inc. as President and Chief Executive Officer since 2005, as President and Chief Operating Officer prior to that from July 2003, as Senior Vice President of Marketing prior to that from January 2001 and in various other positions prior to that since 1995. Prior to joining TravelCenters of America, Inc., Mr. Doane spent 15 years with The Standard Oil Company of Ohio, or Sohio, and BP in various positions in the U.S. and the U.K.
James W. George will be our Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary. Mr. George has served TravelCenters of America, Inc. as Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary, since 2003, as Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary prior to that from 1997 and in various other positions prior to 1997 since 1993. Prior to joining TravelCenters of America, Inc., Mr. George spent 14 years with Sohio and BP in various financial positions. Mr. George is a certified public accountant.
John R. Hoadley will be our Executive Vice President and Treasurer. Mr. Hoadley has been Senior Vice President of Reit Management since 2006 and was Vice President prior to that time since 2001. Mr. Hoadley has been Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer of Senior Housing since 2001. From 1999 to 2001, Mr. Hoadley served as the Controller of Hospitality Trust. Prior to 1998, Mr. Hoadley was a senior accountant with Arthur Andersen LLP. Mr. Hoadley is a certified public accountant.
Larry W. Dockray will be our Executive Vice President of Operations. Mr. Dockray has served TravelCenters of America, Inc. in this capacity since November 2006 and as a Regional Vice President prior to that since 1993. Prior to joining TravelCenters of America, Inc. Mr. Dockray spent nine years as a district manager first with Sohio and then with BP.
Peter P. Greene will be our Executive Vice President of Real Estate Acquisitions and Development. Mr. Greene has served TravelCenters of America, Inc. in this capacity since January 2007, as a Senior Vice President of Development and Franchising since 2003, as Vice President of Strategic Development prior to that from January 2001 and in various other positions prior to that time since 1996. Prior to 1996, he spent two years with Tosco (now ConocoPhillips) and nine years with BP in various management positions.
Michael J. Lombardi will be our Executive Vice President of Sales. Mr. Lombardi has served TravelCenters of America, Inc. in this capacity since January 2007 and as Senior Vice President of Sales prior to that since June 2006. Prior to joining TravelCenters of America, Inc. Mr. Lombardi spent seven years in senior positions in the global marketing and customer service divisions of Ford Motor Company; prior to that he spent thirteen years in the retail marketing division of BP.
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Joseph A. Szima will be our Executive Vice President of Marketing. Mr. Szima has served TravelCenters of America, Inc. in this capacity since January 2007, as Senior Vice President and Assistant Secretary prior to that from March 2004, and as a Regional Vice President prior to that since 1996. Prior to joining TravelCenters of America, Inc. Mr. Szima spent ten years with BP in various management positions.
Ara A. Bagdasarian will be our Senior Vice President of Shop Marketing. Mr. Bagdasarian has served TravelCenters of America, Inc. in this capacity since January 2007, as Vice President of Store Marketing from 2002 to 2007, as Vice President of Retail Marketing from 2001 to 2002 and in various other positions prior to that time since 1993. Prior to joining TravelCenters of America, Inc. Mr. Bagdasarian spent 15 years with Sohio and BP in various management and marketing positions.
Steven C. Lee will be our Senior Vice President and General Counsel. Mr. Lee has served TravelCenters of America, Inc. in this capacity since September 2005, and as Vice President and General Counsel prior to that time since 1997.
Andrew J. Rebholz will be our Senior Vice President and Controller. Mr. Rebholz has served TravelCenters of America, Inc. as Vice President and Controller since July 2002 and as Controller prior to that time since 1997. Mr. Rebholz is a certified public accountant.
Each of our executive officers is elected by, and serves at the discretion of, the board of directors. Each of our executive officers except Mr. Hoadley will devote his full time to our affairs.
As of the date of this prospectus, John G. Murray is our president and Mark L. Kleifges is our treasurer. Messrs. Murray and Kleifges will resign those positions as of the completion of the spin off. Mr. Murray is president of Hospitality Trust and has been for the last five years. Mr. Kleifges is treasurer and chief financial officer of Hospitality Trust and has been since 2002. Until 2002, Mr. Kleifges was a partner with Arthur Andersen LLP for more than nine years.
Committees of the Board of Directors
Our board of directors has established three committees, including an audit committee, a compensation committee and a nominating and governance committee. Each of the these committees is comprised of Mr. Koumantzelis, Ms. Gilmore and Mr. Donelan, who are independent of us under applicable AMEX listing standards and under the proposed charter of each respective committee and, in the case of the audit committee, the independence requirements of the SEC. Copies of our audit, compensation and nominating and governance committee charters have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
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Financial Expert
Our board has designated Mr. Koumantzelis as the financial expert serving on our audit committee in accordance with applicable AMEX and SEC rules. We believe Mr. Koumantzelis is qualified to serve as a financial expert because of his experience as a member of the audit committees of other publicly owned companies, as the chief financial officer of a company which was required to file reports with the SEC and as a certified public accountant who was responsible for auditing companies which filed SEC reports.
Compensation of Directors
For their services as directors, we will pay each independent director an annual fee of $25,000, plus a fee of $500 for each board and committee meeting attended to a maximum of $1,000 per day. In addition, for their services as directors, each director will receive an annual grant of 1,500 of our common shares at the first meeting of the board of directors following the spin off and following each annual meeting of shareholders commencing in 2008. Board members will not be separately compensated for serving on board committees; however, we will pay each board member serving as chairman of our audit committee, compensation committee and nominating and governance committee an additional annual fee of $7,500, $2,500 and $2,500, respectively. We will reimburse directors for reasonable out of pocket expenses incurred in attending meetings of the board of directors or board committees on which they serve. Messrs. Portnoy and O'Brien, our Managing Directors, will not receive any cash compensation for their services as directors or as members of board committees, but they will receive annual share grants and they will be reimbursed for their expenses.
Historically, our predecessor did not provide compensation to its directors.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
None of our compensation committee members are expected to be our employee, an employee of any of our subsidiaries or an employee of Reit Management.
One of our managing directors, Mr. Portnoy, is an owner and director of Reit Management. Another of our managing directors, Mr. O'Brien, is an employee of Reit Management. Mr. O'Brien will be active in our day to day management. Mr. Hoadley is also an employee of Reit Management. Reit Management provides services to Hospitality Trust, HRPT Properties, Senior Housing and Five Star, and will be a party to a management and shared services agreement with us.
Until January 11, 2007, Mr. Portnoy and Mr. Koumantzelis were trustees of Hospitality Trust, which will become our landlord following the spin off. Upon completion of the spin off no director other than Mr. Portnoy is expected to be a trustee of Hospitality Trust. Mr. Koumantzelis resigned his position as a trustee of Hospitality Trust on January 11, 2007.
For more information about possible relationships which might impact compensation decisions see "Certain Relationships" below.
Executive Compensation
We are recently organized and will not pay any compensation to our executive officers or directors prior to the spin off.
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Compensation Discussion and Analysis
We are newly formed, have paid no amounts to our executive officers to date and will not make any payments to them until after the spin off. Consequently, the consideration of our compensation programs to date has been limited. The compensation committee of our board of directors has been formed only recently.
The compensation of our executive officers has been set in large part by reference to the employment contracts which are currently in place with our predecessor and which we have assumed as part of the Hospitality Trust transaction and by reference to the historical compensation level of these executives which was paid to them by our predecessor.
Notwithstanding the consideration of compensation by reference to assumed contracts and to the historical practices of our predecessor, our board of directors has formed a compensation committee as described above. Under the direction of the compensation committee, we seek to attract, retain and motivate the best possible executive talent. We will attempt to balance short term and long term cash, equity and other compensation in a manner which we believe will provide us the best prospects to achieve our business objectives.
We expect to more fully develop our compensation plans going forward by using a combination of data regarding historical pay, publicly available compensation data for public companies that are engaged in our industry, in related industries, or that possess size or other characteristics which are similar to ours, and data which may be obtained by a compensation consultant for us on public and private companies. We also expect to consider other factors, including but not limited to:
Compensation Components
The components of our compensation package are as follows:
Base Salary
Base salaries for our executives are expected to be reviewed annually as part of our management program and increased, if appropriate, based upon each executive's past and expected future contributions to us. We expect that we will also adjust base salaries, as warranted, for promotions and other changes in the executive's role which may occur from time to time.
Annual Bonus
Each of our executives is eligible to receive an annual performance-based cash bonus. The amount of the cash bonus will be dependent on the level of achievement of individually stated corporate, business unit and individual goals, with a target bonus stated as a percentage of base salary of between 50% and 100%. The 2006 target bonus as a percentage of base salary for our named executive officers was: Mr. Doane, 100%, Mr. George, 75%, Mr. Szima, 75%, Mr. Lee, 65% and Mr. Hinderliter, 65%. Our predecessor has historically set annual bonus targets by establishing various objectives for each
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individual, including objectives related to company financial performance, capital expenditures, employee communication, vendor, customer and industry relations, safety measures, product improvement, network growth and improvement and others. We expect to continue these practices for 2007 but have not finalized the 2007 objectives. In January 2007, our predecessor paid the target bonuses to each executive and we believe it will be reasonably likely that target bonuses will be achieved for 2007.
Equity Incentive Plan
As described in "Our Equity Compensation Plan", our board has adopted the TravelCenters of America LLC 2007 Equity Compensation Plan. After the spin off is completed, we expect to make recommendations to our compensation committee for awards under this plan. We expect to make these recommendations in light of the considerations described above and